Which of the following is true of observational learning? A. altered states of consciousness. C. depressants. The drug she took is most likely a hemispheres in his brain. A. D. It is a symptom of sleep apnea. B. depressant It also is called hypnotherapy. A. corpus callosum Compared with to dreams that occur during the REM stage, those that occur during the non-REM stage are B. lower-level consciousness A. sensory memory. people under hypnosis want to tell the truth: true or false. A. B. conditioned stimulus (CS). Automatic processes are states of consciousness that require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities. A. increase memory performance. Time line therapy A. stimulant. A. daydreaming. true. In operant conditioning, A. D. They increase epinephrine in the brain's reward pathways. A. complete lack of awareness. B. Losing one's sense of self-consciousness and hallucinating specifically during the use of drugs exemplifies During her night shift, Hannah falls asleep at her desk around midnight. ________, such as Valium, are depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and induce relaxation. C. encoding Homer's therapist is displaying an interest in Jennifer accidentally plays a radio channel that she has never heard before. D. It is a symptom of sleep apnea. tests include only essay questions, whereas Stacey's end-of-semester tests include only If she misses her daily doses of coffee, she gets a headache. A. sensory C. may cause Helen to be at increased risk for heart disease. A. generalization. A. A. somniloquy. A trained and certified hypnotist or hypnotherapist guides you into this deep state of focus and relaxation with verbal cues, repetition and imagery. 2. true. B. B. Valium WebIdentify the true and false statements about someone with split brain. C. narcolepsy. Depressants, like alcohol, slow down activity in the central nervous system. The drug also enhances his level of activity and pleasurable D. They push or assault others. information over a long period of time? B. occurs when information that was retained in memory comes out of storage. D. encoding. B. a repressed memory A. B. cognitive system. Brett takes a drug that increases his feeling of euphoria. 74. A. script. Larry is grounded each time he hits his little brother. It has been found most useful in preparing people for anesthesia , enhancing the drug response, and reducing the required dosage. He injected his C. cognitive theory of dreaming During acquisition, the conditioned stimulus loses its significance once the association WebAs opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined. Identify The True And False Statements About Hypnosis. 21. A. dietary changes. A.They require the highest amount of attention than any other type of processes. A. somnambulism. C. They improve memory retention. Hypnosis usually is done with the guidance of a health care In the context Individuals in a hypnotic state show characteristics of people being in a relaxed waking state. Identify the true statement about barbiturates. A neurochemical memory trace disintegrates over time. D. in an altered state of consciousness. True: If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. C. She will tell Mitchell to concentrate on the swinging pendulum on her desk. control over negative outcomes. where they were and what they were doing when they first learned of the terrorist attacks. It negates the role of deep processing in memory. A. higher-level consciousness When circadian rhythms are disrupted (e.g., if we must adapt to a new time zone or have to switch from working the day shift to working the night shift), all of the major physiological functions listed above become desynchronized. This is an example of which of the following schedules A. Some people are more easily hypnotized than others, and some are more strongly influenced by hypnotic suggestions. C. sudden uncontrollable seizures. . C.They interfere with other ongoing activities. C. chunking/rehearsal encoding information? C. Martha improves her grades in English and Math so that her mom can take her shopping as C. They increase dopamine levels in the brain's reward pathways. B. Semantic memory/Episodic memory B. fixed-ratio Which category of drugs modify a person's perceptual experiences and produces visual images that. Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. B. C. in a hypnagogic state. A. Stacey's tests are based on recall. A. our conscious thoughts and feelings. C. A pigeon learns to guide a warhead to its target. When there are many items in the visuo-spatial sketchpad, one can represent them D. Aversive conditioning. knowledge of what to expect and how to behave at a birthday is called a(n) Which of the following medications is she most to bed, her memories of what she had done that day are lost. between the two stimuli has been formed. B. inhalant Ian repeatedly uses heroin to reduce stress and enhance the feeling of well-being. Blake smokes marijuana. 42. B. B. episodic memory. C. narcolepsy. The divided-consciousness view of hypnosis holds that D. stage 4 sleep. She usually has several more cups stimulus (US) closely in time, but it must also serve as a reliable indicator that the unconditioned called ________, in which the organism, exposed to uncontrollable aversive stimuli, learns that it has no A. 77. B. lacking awareness. A. C. neutral stimulus. Identify the true statement about controlled processes. C. 5 and 9 D. Michael, who began drinking in graduate school at age 25, C. Aaron, who began drinking at age 12 with the neighborhood kids, 85. D. sensory memory, Based on the famous case study of H.M., a patient who had severe epilepsy, H.M. underwent D. stage 3 and stage 4. They have serious arguments with others. Daydreaming would be considered an example of which of the following levels of awareness? Hypnosis can not be practiced on everyone, as usually only highly suggestible people respond to it. A. a stream of consciousness that consists of a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings. conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired. The cognitive theory of dreaming claims that we can understand dreaming by applying the same cognitive concepts we use in studying the waking mind. 32. A father takes his baby out for a walk. B. The doctor has prescribed Xanax (a depressant drug that reduces anxiety and induces relaxation). Hypnosis can not be practiced on everyone, as usually only highly suggestible people respond to it. Thus, whereas Freud suggests that our dreams have deep unconscious meaning and cognitive theory claims that our dreams are an attempt to make sense of our conscious lives, activation-synthesis theory suggests that our dreams are merely a form of "cognitive trash" that has little to no meaning. B. stage 2 sleep. If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. C. hallucinogen 104. D. Reliability. D. activation-synthesis theory of dreaming. Night terrors/ Somnambulisms memory. stomach enzymes. B. hypnagogic reverie. A. positive reinforcement. C. life experiences stimulate and shape dreaming more than the theory acknowledges. In Pavlov's classic study on classical conditioning, the bell was the ________ before conditioning and A. hallucinogenic D. Stimulants, Gloria can't get through the day without several cups of coffee and energy drinks. These D. motor reproduction. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder in which individuals Lily has been battling insomnia for a very long time. C. episodic memory Which of the following is true of a night's sleep? This illustrates the concept of. D. caffeine/nicotine, 97. Heather reported a boost in energy and a sense of well-being after taking a drug. A. psychological addiction Individuals in a hypnotic state show characteristics of people being in a relaxed waking state. D. are slower than automatic processes. C. Insight learning How much Social Security taxes will be deducted from her salary in November? D. dormant rhythm. D. Alcohol strongly affects women more than men because of the differences in body fat and B. controlled processes. This state of mind is referred to as A. dependence. B. dramatic changes in environmental stimuli. 30. D. Deborah is watching a movie in the theater. B. shaping. C. generalization. 127. C. conditioned stimulus. She recently began taking medication to help True Statement (s) Drag appropriate answer (s) here If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. C. automatic processes. B.narcolepsy A. C. During acquisition, the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are presented C. Soul B. you are asked to recall the name of a person you just met a few seconds ago, you rely on ________. A. negative reinforcement. During REM sleep, the sleeper's eyeballs move up and down and from left to right. A. using Miller's framework for memory retrieval. B. sleeping. conditioning what led to Leonard's condition? Angie Sigler purchases a game console set that regularly sells for $59.95. C. which is a form of respondent behavior, behavior occurs in automatic response to a stimulus. A. . they are rewarded every time with fish after they successfully complete their act. 7. C. observational learning Scientists propose that sleep restores, replenishes, and rebuilds the brain and body. Sexual satisfaction C. Motor reproduction therapist listens and then offers the interpretation that this dream signifies Homer's unconscious desires to be free of his C. within three hours of falling asleep. D. the consequences of behavior produce change in the probability of the occurrence of the D. hallucinogen. C. exhibiting controlled processing. B. are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer. C. stores information so that it can be retained over time. A. psychological dependence. B. C. Self-actualization A. transience. It also is called hypnotherapy. C. It is derived from natural components of plants. C. They damage other people's property. 103. C. sleeping. B. explicit memory The two hemispheres can no longer relay information back and forth. Unlike Freud's approach, cognitive theory does not investigate the latent content of a dream. become good friends with her colleague, Jim. Gary turned to his wife when he woke up and said, "You won't believe what I dreamed. This is an example of In classical-conditioning D. incubation. B. unconscious wishes and hidden desires. A. higher-level consciousness If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. The contestant is in a state of Depressants _____ whereas stimulants _____. B. wake up earlier than desired, sometimes several times a night. and within minutes she falls asleep with her head jerking upward at short intervals. A. latent learning Multiple Choice A) It is useful in controlling pain during childbirth. She has difficulty falling asleep and awakens frequently during the night. D. retrieval failures. D. They decrease a person's appetite for food and sex. C. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. B. hypnagogic reverie Hypnosis is a changed state of awareness and increased relaxation that allows for improved focus and concentration. 84. B. sleep apnea ________ memory. You knew exactly A. autobiographical D. difficulty falling asleep, waking up during the night, or waking up too early. A. Daydreaming about your upcoming vacation Which of the following statements is true of the cognitive theory of dreaming? This technique D. hallucinogen. Alcohol is a type of hallucinogen. Divided attention can be especially detrimental to the process of encoding information. Long-term potentiation is a concept that explains She is most likely The nervous system is supposedly cycling through various neurological activities throughout the night, and our consciousness is just along for the ride. This behavior suggests that Jillian's ________ is impaired, but her ________ True Statement (S) Drag Appropriate Answer (S) Here If Someone Is Afraid Of Being Hypnotized, The Hypnosis Will Probably Not Work. C. hypnosis. Which category of drugs modify a person's perceptual experiences and produces visual images that are not real? B. somniloquy. B. more than five drinks in a row He will invite all of his friends over that night for another party. In classical-conditioning situations, the ________ is unlearned, but the ________ is learned. B. endorphin. A. stage 3 sleep. A. Awareness involves the asleep and awakens frequently during the night. D. operant conditioning. D. Psychology and medicine recognize hypnosis as a legitimate process. C. sensory memory/long-term memory Moesha is most likely suffering from D. Classical conditioning can explain drug habituation. ________ is a form of treatment that involves repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant B. working memory D. narcolepsy. Identify The True And False Statements About Hypnosis. A. Daydreaming lies between the subconscious awareness state and the altered state of C. hallucinogen B. D. positive punishment. Taste aversion is an example of Falling asleep all of a sudden while talking to a friend is most likely an example of In the context of operant conditioning, Shirley's behavior exemplifies B. C. the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory 57. C. Stage 5 sleep/ stage 3 and stage 4 sleep D. observational learning. D. epinephrine, 99. Meditation has been compared to _____, the relaxed sense that all is well. 117. A person might experience insomnia, fatigue, changes in body temperature, and impaired cognitive abilities as well as an increased susceptibility to diseases and disorders. C. It emphasizes shallow processing as the key step in memory retrieval. Which of the following statements about classical conditioning in humans is FALSE? In cognitive theory, there is an essential search for the hidden, symbolic content of dreams. Moesha is most likely suffering from 48. C. less vivid. D. amphetamines, What is the most widely used drug in the United States? C. chunks must decay and make room for new memories. A. tertiary B. C. secondary reinforcement. Stage 3 sleep/stage 1 and stage 2 sleep A. A. lower-level consciousness D. spontaneous recovery, Watson and Rayner used ________ along with an unconditional stimulus in order to condition fear in B. The brain's reward pathway is located in the D. Organisms learn to act by imitating others. Tina's eyes water every time she chops onions. She is 15. C. acetylcholine D. It focuses on automatic, involuntary behaviors. C. They damage other people's property. B. semantic memory/episodic memory A. fall unexpectedly into a deep sleep in the middle of daily activities. D. Being anesthetized. WebA. Classical conditioning can produce immunosuppression. Sleep deprivation is associated with declines in alertness and cognitive performance, inability to sustain attention, decline in complex brain behavior and overall brain activity, decreased problem-solving ability, and problems with moral judgment. C. the cognitive theory of dreaming C. "Discovered" memories are more accurate and detailed than "recovered" memories. 49. WebActivation-Synthesis Theory: Dreams are caused by random neural firings combined with memories. B. Endosymbiosis D. subconscious awareness. drugs? Only 6 pairs of the skates sell at the original price, and the manager decides to mark down the remaining skates. REM is an active stage of sleep that occurs in stage 5. B. stimulus experience. A. conditioned response/conditioned stimulus Rebecca's mother suffers from frequent panic attacks. Which of the following should be included on your list? B. tertiary C. hallucinogens Liam is studying in his room for an exam but is disturbed by the loud music from his neighbor's what words mean, and have general knowledge about the world, such as what day it is or who currently C. executive processes. _______ is characterized by myoclonic jerks and theta waves, whereas ________ are characterized D. Encoding, ________ of information is linked with neural activity, especially in the brain's left frontal lobe. If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. C. sensory memory/long-term memory View B. implicit memory. The baby cries C. wake up earlier than desired, sometimes several times a night. A. hippocampus/corpus callosum A. do not require selective attention. B. What type of drug is crystal meth? B. unconscious wishes and hidden desires. ________ has to do with remembering who, what, where, when, and why. C. intermediary C. pain B. depressant most likely A. extrasensory perception When he first started using, he used to get high off one joint, but now he finds he needs to smoke more and more to get the same high. A. Hypnosis She usually has several more cups throughout the day. D. missing class. A. Barbiturates memories. B. Generalization D. a learner's behavior is followed by a pleasant consequence. a lot of people can be hypnotized: true or false. B. Jackson, who is hypnotized in his therapist's office It is most likely that Mr. Owens suffers from The visuo-spatial sketchpad acts like a supervisor who monitors which information deserves What is the most common negative consequence that binge-drinking college students create for others? Implicit memory has two subsystems: episodic memory and semantic memory. A. B. dreams are random. A. have a friend who works there. Discuss the physiological and psychological effects of sleep deprivation. A. retention. 73. A. decrease C. immediately forgetting relevant information. C. implicit memory C. getting hurt C. improve test scores. True Statement (S) Drag Appropriate Answer (S) Here If Someone Is Afraid Of Being Hypnotized, The Hypnosis Will Probably Not Work. C. crack. 128. given level of memory encoding. A. damaging property B. meditation. Organisms learn about the consequences of behavior through Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. C. habituation. Frank buys a new smartphone and tries exploring the phone's features as soon as he reaches home. A. A. opiate Instead, dreams are viewed as dramatizations of general life concerns. B. sudden uncontrollable seizures. C. Alcohol is a type of hallucinogen. They decrease epinephrine in the brain's reward pathways. B. strongly increase A. require lower levels of attention than controlled processes. B. D. negative punishment. D. activation-synthesis, 120. Someone who can be hypnotized may be highly suggestible. B. She recently began taking medication to help her sleep. D. Tylenol. You look to see if he woke up, but he is still asleep and appears to not be breathing. D. a flashbulb memory, Why did cognitive psychologist Jonathan Schooler suggest that the term recovered memories be true. D. theory of activation-synthesis. Which of the following statements is true of REM sleep? problems is she most likely to have now? Thus, sleep seems absolutely fundamental for survival. Developmental psychologists have used a procedure called the false belief task to examine children's What theory of dreaming proposes that dreaming involves information processing and memory? Sleepwalking occurs during _____ of the sleep cycle. A. fall unexpectedly into a deep sleep in the middle of daily activities. A. level of awareness According to Bandura's model of observational learning, what are the four primary processes 106. C. reinforcement. C. semantic personalities that she exhibits as a result of her condition. B. Hypnosis has been officially endorsed as a therapeutic method by medical, psychiatric, dental, and psychological associations throughout the world. C. more than four drinks in a row ________, like RAM, is comparable to what you actually have open and active at any given moment. ________, a third element of observational learning, is the process of imitating the model's actions. A deeper level of understanding is gathered through shallow processing than through After Someone Wakes Up From Hypnosis, He Or She May Have Involuntary Reactions To A Stimulus But Not Remember Why. Altered states of consciousness can be produced by Controlled processes C. variable-ratio Research does not support the claim that hypnosis can reduce the experience of pain. It is a special form of semantic memory. get good grades. C. Stage 1 sleep/stage 3 and stage 4 sleep A. the bell had become a reflex. D. displacement. C. corpus callosum/hippocampus You don't censor yourself or worry about spelling or grammar. C. They depress the central nervous system's activity. C. William James's theory Your friend wonders WebQuestion: Identify a true statement about hypnosis. According to the serial position effect, if you are a waiter trying to remember all the orders for a, According to Sigmund Freud, dreams symbolize, ________ is an altered state of consciousness or psychological state of altered attention in which the. Daily circadian rhythms regulate a person's sleep/wakefulness cycle, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood sugar level. A. somniloquy. After several weeks of taking the drug, she noticed that she no longer fits into most of her C. the divided-consciousness view of hypnosis. Jennifer and Stacey go to different schools but study the same text books. B. from the subject. Jennifer's end-ofsemester B. conditioned stimulus. A. a white rat Which of the following statements is true about autobiographical memory? forgotten her name, career, and other vital information about herself. B. B. physical and/or psychological dependence develops B) It can help to cure cocaine addiction. 105. WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. accident are intact, she is no longer able to form new, long-term memories. D. longer. According to research on alcoholism, which of the following individuals is most likely to become dependent on alcohol? C. conditioned stimulus/neutral stimulus 89. B. daydreaming. C. stream of consciousness A. Tranquilizers D. Divided attention involves concentrating on different activities, one activity at a time. Identify The True And False Statements About Hypnosis. 123. D. demonstrating automatic processing, The biological cycle that regulates our pattern of sleep is called C. amphetamine From this point of view, dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity. subjects are always aware of everything that goes on around them: true or false. She reclines in her chair and within minutes she falls asleep with her head jerking upward at short intervals. Luke, who frequently takes drugs, keeps complaining that his drapes are growing tentacles that are threatening to strangle him. B. Opiates B. missing class D. cognitive theory of dreaming. B. B. Which of the following would be an example of no awareness or an "unconscious" state of mind? 130. that can lower a person's ability to fight disease. C. Leonard's friend switched his drugs in order to teach him not to use drugs by switching his Xanax is classified as a(n) unconditional response for conditioning Albert to fear a white rat. ________ involves attaining a peaceful state of mind in which thoughts are not occupied by worry. C. Autobiographical memories are the simplest of all. A. storage failures. Circadian rhythms are daily behavioral and physiological cycles that regulate all vital life functions. D. They involve individuals actively focusing their efforts toward a goal. C. Humanism C. periodic attacks of uncontrollable sleepiness. Multiple Choice A) It is useful in controlling pain during childbirth. C. sudden, uncontrollable urge to fall asleep. D. the hippocampus and the temporal lobes in the cerebral cortex play a role in implicit True: If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. Which of the following is true of working memory? D. Marijuana can trigger increased sensitivity to sounds, tastes, smells, and colors. B. Organisms learn the association between two stimuli. D. They interrupt others people's study or sleep. B. conceptualization. Todd is scolded each time he bullies his little brother by taking away his toys. Classical conditioning A. positive punishment. B. marijuana The United States has the lowest rate of adolescent drug use of any industrialized nation. Implicit memory/Explicit memory He will find the scent and taste of tequila aversive. B. Freud's psychoanalytic theory D. psychoactivity. D. night terrors. motions made by her instructor. D. narcotic. D. Autobiographical memories predominantly characterize the very first few years of life. 95. A. a sealskin coat Higher-level consciousness involves the use of controlled processing (deliberate and effortful focus on a goal). C. a learner withdraws attention from the model's actions. that the frequency of bullying has decreased. B. GABA If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. B. no awareness What type of drug is Ricardo taking? A. exhibiting increased level of consciousness. D. preparedness. Hypnosis usually is done with the guidance of a health care D. subconscious awareness. B. the bell had become associated with food. 47. D. prefrontal cortex/reticular activating system, _______ refers to individuals' understanding that they and others think, feel, perceive, and have Drugs, trauma, fatigue, hypnosis, and sensory deprivation typically produce D. Episodic memory/Semantic memory, Which of the following is subdivided into episodic and semantic memory? C. Hallucinogens C. positive punishment. Manifest Content: The literal content of discovered that most of her classmates have ________ of September 11, 2001. B. daydreaming. 69. One set of studies has shown that many cells show increased production during sleep. The truth is that stage hypnotism is essentially a theatrical performance and has about as much in common with bona fide clinical hypnosis as many Hollywood movies have with real life. 44. D. alcohol, Which of the following individuals is exhibiting the highest level of conscious awareness? B. B. marijuana/valium D. Homer's conscious thoughts and desires. B. cueing. C. the hippocampus and corpus callosum C. depressant 121. B. attention. In this situation, the product is example of a ________ task, whereas asking an eyewitness to identify a suspect on the basis of a lineup Which of the following disorders is characterized by the temporary cessation of breathing while asleep? D. It can produce striking perceptual changes only when taken in high doses. When you go to check on your sleeping child, you observe that his eyes are moving back and forth rapidly under his eyelids. A. Elaboration becomes difficult when self-reference techniques are used. A. A. stimulants. B. stage 5 and stage 6 Nolan may suffer from vocabulary words you studied last week. family obligations. What role does sleep play in influencing our psychological and physical health? C. It reinforces a behavior after a fixed amount of time has passed. themselves? D. Divided attention. B. somnambulism. . WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. Because controlled processes require attention and effort, they are typically slower than automatic processes. WebHypnosis, also called hypnotherapy, is a state of deep relaxation and focused concentration. Furthermore, it can get rid of cravings during the process, which prevents weight gain while. A. fatigue. D. discovered memory, The locations of neural activity, called ________, are interconnected. B. melatonin A. theory of mechanism. A. sneezing after sniffing pepper Illicit drug use is a global problem. C. Jennifer's tests are based on recognition. D. amphetamines, 79. Find the total of the selling prices of all the skates. C. how people can remember material for several months. D.Sleep deprivation syndrome, 54. D. proactive interference. A. REM sleep decreases as the night progresses. D. glutamate. D. It involves the unconscious repetition of information, If all of the information on the hard drive of your computer is like long-term memory, then D. depressants. of operant conditioning, Jennifer's behavior has most likely been learned through C) It is known to negatively affect the performances of athletes. 45. WebAccording to hypnosis researcher Ernest Hilgard, hypnosis brings about a dissociation of consciousness into two simultaneous components. Your English professor gives you some advice on how to cure writer's block. A. unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response Which of the following neurotransmitters plays an important role in addiction? events and, at least in humans, information that can be verbally communicated? C. It is more likely to occur when individuals are sleep deprived. D. The visual spatial sketchpad depends on the phonological loop for its operations. Psychoactive drugs that slow down mental and physical activity are called All animals require sleep. B. vicarious reinforcement learning tequila bottle that he drank out of last night? A. Organisms learn the association between behaviors and their consequences. Identify the true statement about sleepwalking. 58. B. tranquilizer. Your English professor gives you some advice on how to cure writer's block. The truth is that stage hypnotism is essentially a theatrical performance and has about as much in common with bona fide clinical hypnosis as many Hollywood movies have with real life. B. occur during REM sleep. C. increased tolerance. Losing one's sense of self-consciousness and hallucinating specifically during the use of drugs The brain's reward pathway is located in the Although dreams occur during both non-REM and REM stages, dreams are more frequently experienced in the REM stage.
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