Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. (In contrast to this assumption, the potential dependence between COVID-19 and other causes might lead to modified probabilities of dying from other causes if COVID-19 were eliminated or added as a cause of death.) Single phase. 109, 57555798 (2009). are employees at P&G. Esterification of polyacrylic acid using alkyl halides under basic conditions had already been reported38. T.A. Integrated Projects (all subprogrammes): 19 October 2021 - Concept Note. 916 (Springer International Publishing AG, 2018). Chazovachii, P. T., Somers, M., Alfaro, J., McNeil, A. J. Nature Governance ID LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Types of action LIFE Project Grants Deadline model single-stage Opening date 13 July 2021 Deadline date 30 November 2021 17:00:00 Brussels time Projetos SNAP (os chamados projetos integrados no anterior Regulamento, mas agora especficos On average, larger declines in e0 and e65 were estimated in the North regions and smaller in the South regions (Fig. (Carl Hanser Verlag 2012). Lancet Glob. 1). hypno youtube. In addition to your salary, Elevance Health offers benefits such as, a comprehensive benefits package . A conscientious employee, willing to learn new skills, open to instruction and feedback with a background in varied product, process and people management. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Strong business development professional with a PhD focused in Teaching Engineering with Games from Universidade de So Paulo. Lancet 397, 220232 (2021). Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. MRS Bull. At each time point, the maximum specific energy (wmax) was calculated using the maximum power drawn from the outlet and the mass of added PAA (Supplementary Information pg S3), and the molar masses were determined using size-exclusion chromatography. :X"."o:XKw$0/vvDvXK Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Ellen MacArthur Foundation. "Climate action". We also calculated state inequalities in life expectancy, measured as the difference between the lowest and the highest state life expectancy, to assess changes due to COVID-19 (Methods). The highest absolute and relative decline among states was estimated for Amazonas (3.46 years), followed by Amap (3.18 years) and Par (2.71 years), all in the North region. 9w%?>Jb(o.IACt"`. In Latin America, at least four countries experienced secular mortality declines at earlier dates: Argentina, Uruguay, Costa Rica and Cuba9. Technical Assistance Projects (all subprogrammes): 22 September (5 p.m.). Internet Explorer). Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19. J. Environ. Google Scholar. . Alarifi, A. S. & Aouak, T. Synthesis of acrylic or methacrylic acid/acrylate or methacrylate ester polymers using pervaporation. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-11/documents/2017_facts_and_figures_fact_sheet_final.pdf (2019). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance - Standard Action Projects (SAP) I progetti relativi a questa call devono essere orientati verso la garanzia di conformit alla legislazione dell'UE in materia di natura e biodiversit e l'accesso alla giustizia mediante: 88, 5670 (2019). However, this process utilizes expensive solvents (dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide) and stoichiometric quantities of base (tetramethylguanidine), both of which would likely be too costly for large-scale recycling of waste superabsorbent materials. In Ullmans Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. The resulting acidic polymer solutions were used directly in the subsequent experiments without any isolation steps. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Brazil continues to face a challenging situation. Changes in e0 can reflect differences in expected longevity between two periods, such as before versus during a pandemic. Sci. We surmise that the estimates derived from the decrement life table techniques (DT19 and DT20) are higher than those reported in the text because of additional biases related to violation of the assumption of independence between COVID-19 and other causes and misdiagnosis of cause of death. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Nature and Biodiversity SMART OUTCOME-BASED projects based on Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-Bound objectives for the implementation of EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation or Targets of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 2. 1d). c, Bivariate choropleth map of the estimated change in e0 and e65 in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state. Depolymerization of polymers. The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. Nature 594, 259264 (2021). 4b,c). <> Usually, the mid-year population is a good approximation of person-years lived during the year. Santos, M. C. et al. We created data visualizations in R, ArcMap version 10.8 (ESRI) and Adobe Illustrator CS6. At present, the environmental benefits of diaper recycling (including superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery) are dependent on the avoided material burdens52. Catal. & Pimenta, D. N. Community health workers reveal COVID-19 disaster in Brazil. Teikti paraik ia. Expected Impact : Applicants are expected to define, calculate, explain and achieve ambitious and credible impacts in terms of conservation benefit, ensuring at the same time long term sustainability and . Polym. )W9N2S33:;Ai / YnM#@w@6~q|,Sq","Kc]FTE^gIK%q4g2J:?1*zK6J./7o#hX&M,5!zbz?-V^mnH)0"2x~&NRO~c_e5j;? After recording the highest number of monthly COVID-19 deaths in April 2021, transmission remains extremely high, with about 2,000 daily deaths but a very slow immunization rollout. Rahimi, A. Chem. . Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Sade Pblica 36, e00115320 (2020). As high life expectancies are predominantly in the South region and the lowest are in the North, these results suggest that COVID-19 mortality reproduced regional inequalities, reflecting the pandemics disproportionate burden among vulnerable groups5 but also spatial patterns of COVID-19 spread18. Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, observed a very high attack rate after the first wave of the pandemic in 2020 (ref. Brazil does not lack a universal healthcare system, a network of community health agents to target vulnerable communities, sufficient data and a capable cadre of researchers tirelessly advancing knowledge and informing policy. ISSN 1078-8956 (print). The consequences, sadly and unacceptably, will continue to be measured in human lives lost, and the future demographic consequences might be even worse than those reported here. ^c2/rML[,[gs] Nmero 30 116 (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatsticaIBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenao de Populao e Indicadores Sociais, 2013). (ed.) The superstar forward is not taking anything for granted on her return to netball. & Bowe, B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Unfortunately, most used diapers sit in landfills without substantial biodegradation, or are incinerated. Res. You can alreadyfind all information and documentation needed at theFunding & Tenders Portal, includingthe call text and application forms. Preparation of pressure sensitive adhesives from post-consumer superabsorbent polymers. The estimated setback for e65 was overwhelming, equalling values last observed as far back as the early 2000s in most states in the North region and before 2000 in Amazonas, Par and Gois. J. 8). "Environment" area. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. 39, 2737 (2020). Process for Producing Acrylic Acid. Google Scholar. Our results point to an overall widening of the femalemale gap in e0 of 0.6 years in Brazil (9.1% increase). 29, 233246 (1990). Chem. US Patent 9,321,868 B2 (April 26, 2016). Three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a largely unmitigated epidemic. Pract. Fundao Oswaldo Cruz. Marcia C. Castro. Abbasi, J. Nuzzo, J. Carlyle, R. L. Process for the production of acrylic acid esters. Palloni, A., Pinto, G. & Beltrn-Snchez, H. Two centuries of mortality decline in Latin America: from hunger to longevity. Moreover, mechanical recycling cannot be used with polymers that do not reversibly melt (e.g., crosslinked polymers). ISSN 1546-170X (online) 364, 19851998 (2009). J. Adhes. Second, we calculated cause-deleted life tables for 2020 (DT20), which examine the consequences of eliminating COVID-19 mortality from 2020 deaths44. BMJ Open 11, e042934 (2021). https://www.fatersmart.com/ - (Accessed May 1, 2021). Li, J., Nagamani, C. & Moore, J. S. Polymer mechanochemistry: from destructive to productive. life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 sap env gov #life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 ta pp env sip #Life Call #life programme 2021 #LIFE Program #call for proposals climate change 2021 #life 2021 strat two stage Bars, organized by major regions, show changes for the states. Plots of storage (G) versus loss (G) moduli for poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) (a), including visualization of Changs viscoelastic window, and of the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP) for each route (b). Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives. For each state and sex, we calculated the difference between the two life tables to estimate reductions in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19 (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2). Expected Impact . Wernet, G. et al. Proc. {o"yQr8"2ioFq[V The materials, equipment, synthetic methods, as well as all processed data generated in this study are provided in the Supplementary Information file. Considering this factor, the optimized conditions involved sonicating a 2.5% w/v solution for 1min to give an Mw ~360kg/mol, and a 5.0% w/v solution for 2min to give a Mw of ~330kg/mol37. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. We argue that, in the case of COVID-19 in Brazil, the rebound will not happen in 2021, and the pre-pandemic trajectory of annual gains in e0 will likely slow down. We compared the gap in life expectancy between males and females in the period life tables constructed for 2019 and 2020 (Methods). 2 Topics under the 2021 call 1. Second, in contrast to DT19 and DT20, the method based on the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 makes no assumption about independence of causes of death (that is, that the risks of dying from other causes are unaffected by the addition or elimination of COVID-19 mortality), an assumption that was almost certainly violated during the pandemic. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Chubarova, E. V., Melenevskaya, E. Y. d, Number of COVID-19 deaths in 2020 per 100,000 people by state (Methods). We demonstrate herein that our open-loop recycling approach to pressure-sensitive adhesives from superabsorbent polymers outcompetes the petroleum-derived syntheses on nearly every metric, including global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. Because this recycling method should be amenable to waste polymer as the feedstock, it offers a more sustainable alternative to diaper disposal in a landfill or incineration. Records with ill-defined, unspecified or unattended deaths (codes R99 and R98) in 2020 were treated as non-COVID-19 deaths (4.9% (75,484/1,541,556)). Semin. To do this, we multiplied the age group-specific and sex-specific mortality rates from 2019 from each state by the corresponding projected population for March 2021. EXPERIENCE 15 years of experience in Shared Services, BPO, Finance, Business and Investment. R. Soc. endobj defined the methodology. The corresponding VW for each adhesive is the rectangular region bounded by these four moduli. and S.G. conducted data curation. Health 9, e782e792 (2021). 2U19AI089681-08). Globally, there have been significant efforts towards recycling the components of diapers28. Chem. On. CAS D.I.C., M.I.J., and E.N.G.M. An international comparison of age and sex dependency of COVID-19 deaths in 2020: a descriptive analysis, A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden, Years of life lost to COVID-19 in 81 countries, Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of HIV Mortality in China: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, Disease and healthcare burden of COVID-19 in the United States, Impact of COVID-19 on older adults and role of long-term care facilities during early stages of epidemic in Italy, Global ecological analysis of COVID-19 mortality and comparison between the East and the West, Short- and medium-term impacts of strict anti-contagion policies on non-COVID-19 mortality in China, Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2, https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html, https://opendatasus.saude.gov.br/nl/dataset, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code, https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/, https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cdha/latinmortality/wp-content/uploads/book_Ch2.pdf, https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772, https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/14/brazil-manaus-amazonas-covid-coronavirus, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252554v1, http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/, https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002, https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448, https://blogdoibre.fgv.br/posts/auxilio-emergencial-faz-pobreza-cair-em-plena-pandemia, http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response, Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study, Coronavirus disease-related in-hospital mortality: a cohort study in a private healthcare network in Brazil, The 90 plus: longevity and COVID-19 survival, Years of life lost during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden considering variation in life expectancy by level of geriatric care. Among males, two states, Amazonas and Par, both in the North region, lost all that was gained over 2 decades (Fig. & Cameron, E. E. Suboptimal US response to COVID-19 despite robust capabilities and resources. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in I\{vd^TC{3SR ZL]hXSU}HcQnVH~;kJ{r]%44FG>~iOq|_nK.u2AMr4P'1Lc3FwMEEet8uU6BmgM1jH#Nip $jmVP->Y$FB4|Kf }Y On the final day of the Team Girls Cup, I went for a morning trip to Surfers Paradise for a swim and quality time with the family. Noymer, A. Polym. and S.K. Specifically, using a 2 or 3 step synthetic process, the sodium polyacrylate is converted into a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), which has a significant global market (expected to be $13 billion by 2023) (https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/pressure-sensitive-adhesives-market). An estimated 6.3 billion metric tons of post-consumer polymer waste has been produced, with the majority (79%) in landfills or the environment. The initially heterogeneous reaction mixture becomes a homogeneous solution over time due to the chemical change from a superabsorbent gel-like substance into the soluble, linear polymer products. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Al-Aly, Z., Xie, Y. sub-programme "Climate change mitigation and adaptation to change. 61, 25842587 (1939). Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. 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Although durability and strength are advantages of synthetic polymers, these properties are also responsible for their environmental persistence4,5,6. Second, we used deaths from all causes by age, sex, cause of death and state of residence provided by the Mortality Information System from the Ministry of Health for 2019 (n=1,345,543) and 2020 (n=1,541,556). J. Chem. An alternative recycling route known as chemical recycling was developed to address these challenges8,9,10,11. in Brasil: uma viso geogrfica e ambiental no incio do sculo XXI. 2a and Supplementary Table 7). From an energetic standpoint, the CED is reduced by 18.8% and 18.6% with the sonication scenarios, and further reduced (by 24.8%) in the scenario without sonication.
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