However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. /F2 9 0 R Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. /BitsPerComponent 8 There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's It is our pleasure. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. Payment Details. Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. /F5 18 0 R Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. Excellent, thanks a lot f Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . (Tanzi, 1996). Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Required fields are marked *. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. Federalism in Nigeria. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. /Subtype /Image The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. >> /Length 3884 "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. 7. 74 . It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. /F4 15 0 R Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. You are welcome dear reader. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The chief architect of this theory is Riker. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. Federalism in India. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Identities can be in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion and other differences," she says. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. s" In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. /Font << . There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. 3 0 obj In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. Email Address. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. by the federal or any state government. ! stream Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. Pls visit us again dear reader. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz %PDF-1.5 Unity of the country: 3.3 3. Best information base for latest information both national and international. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. 6 0 obj In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. Nigeria. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? /F1 6 0 R Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. /F7 24 0 R The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. endobj The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. << /Resources << The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. I love this article,very educating and interesting The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. Population of the country % He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. /Width 371 The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders.
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