1462, 1464 (S.D.Tex. El cantante interpreta a Arturo "Kitty" Paez, un sanguinario pero muy snob criminal . Threats at the time were taken seriously, especially given the high profile murders of Tijuana's police chief in February 2000, followed shortly by the murder of Jose Patio . Columna. The purported recantation of Alejandro has been discarded with the indicia of reliability supporting the initial deposition. [35] This evidence was received under seal in 96mg1828 and as a result, the specifics are not detailed or recited herein. Respondent's reliance upon Article 11, Paragraph 3, is misplaced. The two cars stopped in the village of San Mateo Atenco. 611 (S.D.N.Y.1985). But federal prosecutors said that the information is valuable for this case and others, and that the mens credibility is proved by the way their stories fit together. Peter Lupsha, an expert on drug trafficking and former professor at University of New Mexico, said this case suggests that a corrupt Mexican government thwarted previous drug investigations. The certificate is forwarded to the Department of State. 956 (1922). 44). This document is submitted to be from the files in the prosecution of General Gutierrez Rebollo, by the Republic of Mexico, in Mexico. Twenty-eight days after he took office, Ibarra, along with two government agents and a taxi driver, was gunned down in a cab outside Mexico Citys airport. It was not until October 2, 1996 that Soto described the alleged torture to the judge in Mexico. *291 Michael Pancer, Law Office of Michael Pancer, San Diego, CA, for Emilio Valdez Mainero. Magistrate No. *1214 (3) First Degree Murder of Jesus Gallardo Vigil and Jesus Sanchez Angulo in violation of Article 302; Article 303, Sections I and III, Article 315 and Article 320 of the Penal Code for the Federal District. These individuals returned to Mr. Vasquez' home in April of 1996 and stated that they were running from the authorities because they had committed a homicide in Mexico City. An injury to the anterior upper third of his right leg is claimed to have resulted from a fight with an unknown person. Extradition treaties do not contemplate the introduction of testimony of live witnesses by the Respondent to contradict the demanding country's proof. La pequea y poco conocida . Ejecutivo Mercantil Autr. A significant portion of the mens statements were taken in Mexico by officials putting together the case against Valdez and his companion at the time of his arrest, 25-year-old Alfredo Hodoyan de Palacios. As indicated previously, the extradition hearing is not a trial, nor a criminal proceeding providing respondent with rights available in a criminal trial at common law. These latter efforts resulted in the formulation of the March 3, 1997 "declaration.". On September 30, 1996, the United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of California, acting on behalf of the Republic of Mexico, presented to the Honorable Anthony Battaglia, United States Magistrate Judge, a complaint and a formal extradition request for Emilio Valdez Mainero (hereinafter "Valdez" or "Extraditee"). Respondent also cites Title 18 U.S.C. Appellant asked the Court of Appeals to stop his extradition because he had been convicted in absentia in Italy and, therefore, would be imprisoned without trial, be unable to confront his accusers and would not be able to conduct a defense. In the Matter of the EXTRADITION OF Emilio Valdez MAINERO. Quinn v. Robinson, 783 F.2d 776, 789, 790 (9th Cir.1986). Concerning the murder and firearms charge, it is alleged that on April 9, 1996, at approximately 9:30 p.m., in the restaurant at the Holiday Inn in Toluca, Mexico, Jesus Gallardo Vigil, aka "El Bebe", (hereinafter "Gallardo"), and Jesus Sanchez Angulo (hereinafter "Sanchez") were shot and killed by Respondent and Fabian Martinez Gonzalez, aka "Tiburon", (hereinafter "Martinez"). Finally, Valdez offers that Cruz, Soto, Alejandro and Vasquez[32] were subjected to torture, *1222 and were under duress at the time of the "alleged" statements. [24] A Volkswagen was seen leaving the scene by eyewitness Juan Manual de la Cruz. Augustin also indicates that Alejandro told him that the Mexican officers intended to torture and kill Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios should he be extradited to Mexico. Recanting statements are relevant in these proceedings as they affect probable cause. This is defined as an individual who is a member of a group or gang of three or more persons whose purpose is to carry out criminal activity (Article 164). January 1997: Hodin Gutierrez Rico, a . Appellant appealed the habeas corpus denial to the Second Circuit. 33. In the Matter of the EXTRADITION OF Emilio Valdez MAINERO. In the Matter of Extradition of Contreras,800 F. Supp. During the meeting, the group discussed their plans to kill enemies of their interests, including Amado Carillo, a rival drug trafficker. The notes are identified by Augustin Hodoyan, Alejandro's brother. They are: (1) Ministerial Statement of September 27, 1996, at 1140 a.m. to Maria Isabel Gonzalez Chavez, an agent of the federal prosecutor, in Guadalajara, Mexico; (2) Additional Ministerial Statement of September 27, 1996, at 6:30 p.m. to Maria Isabel Gonzalez Chavez, an agent of the federal prosecutor, in Guadalajara, Mexico; (3) Additional Statement of September 30, 1996, at 9:00 p.m. to Maria Isabel Gonzalez Chavez, an agent of the federal prosecutor in Mexico City, Mexico; and. EMILIO VALDEZ MAINERO (hereinafter "Valdez" or "Respondent") [1] is accused by Mexico of having been involved with or committing various crimes in violation of . No precise authority is offered in regard to this premise. They also indicated that their boss, Ramon Arellano Felix, would be pleased with the last job they had carried out. Bruton v. United States,391 U.S. 123, 88 S. Ct. 1620, 20 L. Ed. The Court's direction to the United States to request from Mexico a copy of the signed statement by Ruiz or other information confirming its authenticity and the actual arrest dates of the individuals involved has been met with a response that this information is not available. [18] In the original request, Mexico sought extradition on the firearm offense related to events and circumstances alleged to have occurred on April 13, 1994. Prior to the June 30, 1997 evidentiary hearing on the extradition requests, there were numerous other filings by the United States and by counsel for the detainee as well as several status hearings. 3184. This element was not challenged by the Respondent. United States v. Kin-Hong, 110 F.3d 103 (1st Cir. 44). The cohorts also said the Arellanos had on their payroll Mexican immigration agents who waved cocaine shipments across the border. It was at one of the celebrations that they met Emilio Valdez Mainero, the son of a colonel who was once a member of the presidential guards.Later they contacted Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios, who was the son of a wealthy businessman from the city.Alfredo had been born and studied in USA, so it was easier for the drug to pass through the border without generating suspicion. *1225 Seargent Ruiz' statement appears to confirm Soto's statement that he was arrested prior to the September 27, 1996 date set forth in the statements made to the Mexican authorities. This resulted in the arrest of Valdez on September 30, 1996. [3] See Memorandum Decision Denying Bail Pending Extradition Proceedings filed 10/21/96 (Docket No. Mexico did not produce a signed statement of Sergeant Ruiz or evidence of dates of arrest of the referenced witnesses. This issue was not challenged by the Respondent. 896 (S.D.Cal.1993). Therefore, the Court will certify the above and all documents admitted into evidence to the Secretary of State. 3190. 1462, 1464 (S.D.Tex.1992). De recuperar la libertad, en Mxico le esperan una sentencia de 22 aos de crcel por narcotrfico . In the Matter of Extradition of Emilio Valdez Mainero,950 F. Supp. The suggestion of torture is certainly present in the record. En una de esas fiestas fue que conocieron a Emilio Valdez Mainero, quien era hijo de un coronel que fue miembro de los guardias presidenciales, cuando an existan. 1136 (1916); McNamara v. Henkel,226 U.S. 520, 33 S. Ct. 146, 57 L. Ed. SAN DIEGO (AP) _ Ernesto Ibarra Santes, the federal police commander in Tijuana, Mexico, fearlessly vowed to topple a vicious drug organization that controls the busiest cocaine corridor into the United States. ``Wear black clothes, the man, Gustavo Miranda Santacruz, said he was told by his superior. [6] The Court also directed the United States to request from Mexico, a signed statement of Seargent Ruiz and evidence of all dates of arrest after September 1, 1996 of witnesses Soto, Alejandro Hodoyan, Francisco Cabrera Castro and Gerardo Cruz Pacheco.[7]. Chapo Guzman gave marijuana to Gallardo so that he could move it into the United States, but afterwards, Chapo Guzman sent the Federal Police after him. The certified documents included diplomatic note 001831 dated November 25, 1996 from the Embassy of Mexico formally requesting the extradition of Respondent on the firearms and conspiracy charges. The essential question is whether the indicia of reliability is on the recantation or the initial statement. Mr. Vasquez states that the individuals acted suspiciously and carried long and short range firearms. The Ninth Circuit held that "[t]his contention lacks merit because under general extradition of the United States and under the provisions of Treaty, the hearsay statements Keller summarized in his affidavit are competent evidence." En una de las fiestas conocieron a Emilio Valdez Mainero, quien era hijo de un coronel que fue miembro de los guardias presidenciales, cuando existan. Peryea v. United States,782 F. Supp. EMILIO VALDEZ MAINERO was represented by retained counsel Michael Pancer. Respondent asserts that Soto lost an eye as a result of the torture used by Mexico to extract his statement[39]. Quines eran los narcojuniors reales de Tijuana? 1992); Fed.R.Evid. According to the United States' submissions and consistent therewith at the hearings, Mexico seeks extradition of the Respondent for the Mexican charges identified above. The statements of three admitted members of the organization are contained in extradition papers for Emilio Valdez Mainero, an alleged Arellano henchman arrested in the United States. The Treaty between the United States and Mexico calls for probable cause to be measured by the standards established in the requesting country. 1980), the court refused to decide whether the accused might be tortured or killed if surrendered to the requesting nation because this argument raised an "issue that properly falls within the exclusive purview of the executive branch" Id. Finally, the Respondent is accused by Mexico of criminal association (conspiracy) in violation of Mexican law. Ultimately, Article 9 of the Treaty invests the "executive authority" with the final discretion.[17]. The document was written by Alejandro Hodoyan Ramirez, father of both Alejandro and Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios who is also an extraditee sought by Mexico. The March 3, 1997 date is taken from the first line of the document. En septiembre de 2002, el Juzgado Cuarto de Procesos Penales Federales en el Estado de Mxico (antes Juzgado Primero de Distrito . Get free summaries of new Southern District of California US Federal District Court opinions delivered to your inbox! Article 11, Paragraph 3, provides that the provisional arrest "shall be terminated" if the United States does not receive the formal request for extradition and the necessary documents specified in Article 10 within 60 days after the detainee's apprehension. Mr. Soto was privy to certain events and conversations forming the basis of his knowledge. 777 (N.D.Cal.1985). The request for discovery regarding Miranda was also submitted in RESPONDENTS SUPPLEMENTAL SUBMISSION RE: EXTRADITION AND REQUEST FOR DISCOVERY filed June 26, 1997 in Case 96-1828 (Docket No. Mexican prosecutors persuade California courts to send Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios and Emilio Valdez Mainero, alleged paid killers for a vicious drug ring based in Tijuana, back to Mexico to face . R.Crim.P. Los jvenes que cayeron en las garras de los hermanos Arellano Flix fueron: Emilio Valdez Mainero, hijo de un guardia presidencial, Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios, hijo de un empresario, Eduardo Len, los hermanos Endir y Henain Meza Castaos, Gustavo Miranda Santa Cruz y Fabin Martnez. The magistrate's function is to determine whether there is "any" evidence establishing reasonable or probable cause. Respondent also argues that Alejandro was abducted in the Spring of 1997 by representatives of Mexico which corroborates Mexico's alleged use of inappropriate force and means to secure evidence in this case. The United States, in fact, complied with Article 11, Paragraph 3, by its initial filing of diplomatic note 001831, on November 25, 1996 with the U.S. Embassy in Mexico. LOS NARCOJUNIORS. Matter of Extradition of Koskotas, 127 F.R.D. This evidence is clearly contradictory and inadmissible under Collins v. Loisel,259 U.S. 309, 315-317, 42 S. Ct. 469, 66 L. Ed. Emilio Valdez Mainero seemed an appropriately upper-tier husband, but he too allegedly found employment in the Arellano Felix organization, recruiting 'young assassins who belong to Tijuana's . In this regard, statements characterized as "recantations" were offered by Cruz, Soto and Hodoyan. 1983). These statements do not add a great deal to Mexico's case regarding this Respondent. Through observation and discussion, he became privy to the knowledge set forth. [29] Respondents request for discovery of all evidence of discussions with Alejandro Hodoyan is denied on the basis of the authority set forth in footnote 26, except to the extent that this information was produced in response to the Court's order of September 11, 1997 (see footnote 6). Cruz admitted his own involvement in the criminal activities of Valdez and the AFO and admitted that he was paid to assist them in killing the enemies of Ramon Arellano-Felix. denied, 398 U.S. 903, 90 S. Ct. 1688, 26 L. Ed. Miranda also stated that in 1992, Valdez was in charge of cocaine trafficking, and that later, Valdez trafficked in 200 to 400 kilogram shipments of marijuana for the AFO. The papers have provided a behind-the-scenes look at an assassination already widely believed to be the work of the Arellanos. 956 (1922). El Lobo was captured in the United States together with Emilio Valdez Mainero "El Radioloco", they were extradited to Mexico in January of 1998 and also sent to Altiplano at Almoloya de Juarez. [20] i.e. The Court concludes that each of the crimes for which extradition is requested by Mexico are among those specified in the Treaty but that only Criminal Association and First Degree Murder are analogous to United States law. "El Lobo" tambin fue capturado en los Estados Unidos junto con el tijuanense Emilio Valdez Mainero "El Radioloco", ambos extraditados a Mxico en enero de 1998 y tambin remitidos a Almoloya de Jurez. The witnesses go on to attribute a number of other incidents based upon their personal knowledge occurring since 1994 which are competent for a finding of probable cause on this charge as well. I Background. Respondent's request for discovery is denied. Under United States law, (i.e., California Penal Code 187-199) murder is unlawful and similarly defined. He declared that, in May, 1992, Ramon Arellano-Felix and Valdez killed rival drug traffickers, the Olmos brothers, and that Valdez told him and other members of the AFO that Valdez would pay $150,000 to them if they took the blame for the Olmos murders. Based on case authorities Respondent's Motion in this regard is denied. 1971), cert. The date of production for the photographic evidence was set for November 5, 1997[9] and later extended with properly authenticated and certified originals being filed on December 1, 1997. Id. The credible evidence, satisfies Mexico's burden in this respect[44]. En esta temporada podemos ver lo que pasa despus de la cada de Miguel ngel Flix Gallardo, interpretado por Diego Luna. Alfredo Miguel Hodoyn Palacios, (a) "Lobo" u "88" , fue detenido el 30 de septiembre de 1996, en San Diego California. In the Matter of the Extradition of Contreras,800 F. Supp. EMILIO VALDEZ MAINERO was represented by retained counsel Michael Pancer. The power to make treaties is constitutionally invested in the executive branch of the United States government. Soto's testimony is based upon his acquaintance with the individuals referenced in the statement, and his role as a cook residing at various times with these individuals. The case against the juniors spilled into U.S. courts after the Sept. 30 arrest of Emilio Valdez Mainero, 32, the baby-faced son of a deceased Tijuana colonel. Valdez told Contreras, "Wait for me here and when you see us leave the parking lot in the white Volkswagen, make a wall so that we won't be followed". See footnote 25. Neely v. Henkel,180 U.S. 109, 21 S. Ct. 302, 45 L. Ed. [38] These are the same statements offered in this matter to support the request for extradition. In September of 2002, a Judge of the Federal Penal Processes in Mexico State found El Lobo, La Piedra and El Capitan guilty, and sentenced them all to . Cruz also said he transported weapons used in Ibarras slaying. It is also notable, that the sum total of the evidence showed Alejandro's Declaration regarding torture and abuse to be contrived in its derivation. 20, 2013) From Casetext: Smarter Legal Research. That conclusion is based on the following analysis. Everardo Pez, also known as "El Kitty", was not a person of money, but under the tutelage of Ramn Arellano Flix, he dedicated himself, together with the narco juniors, to cross drugs into the United States without raising suspicions due to his economic status. Respondent also asserts that not only have the governing administrations changed in Mexico and the United States since the 1978 signing of the Treaty, but the purpose and intent of the parties is materially different from what it was at the time the Treaty was signed. [12] Statement of Gerardo Cruz Pacheco to an agent of the Federal Prosecutor on October 12, 1996. We will gather for a memorial service and viewing at 6:00 p.m. Friday, September 6, 2019 followed by a visitation at Lake Ridge Chapel and Memorial Designers. Under Article 10(7) of the Treaty, the probable cause determination is to be made in accordance with the laws of requested party (here, the United States). Simmons v. Braun, 627 F.2d 635 (2d Cir.1980). According to testimony given to . The Court is not required to decide guilt or innocence, but only determines whether there is competent legal evidence to justify holding the accused for trial in the charging country. [48] Authority for this proposition is gathered from dicta in some case law in that there is no direct authority for this proposition. Respondent had indicated that a recantation by Vasquez would be filed, but no such document has been offered in evidence in this case. The environment where the deposition was taken is not suggestive of any coercive circumstances. 3190. Id. The Federal Rules of Evidence and of Criminal Procedure do not apply to an extradition hearing. at 952. A great number of questions exist, and many questions remain unanswered in this case. Additionally, it is not the business of the United States Courts to assume responsibility for supervising the integrity of a judicial system of another sovereign nation; such an assumption would directly conflict with the principal of comity on which extradition is based. (3) Fausto Soto Miller. The extradition proceeding is not a criminal trial nor is Respondent entitled to the rights available in a criminal trial at common law. EMILIO VALDEZ MAINERO (hereinafter "Valdez" or "Respondent")[1] is accused by Mexico of having been involved with or committing various crimes in violation of Mexican laws. United States v. Valdez-Mainero. No mention of torture or physical abuse is made. Miranda was granted "use immunity" for giving the statement. See Reply to Extraditees Response to Extradition Request and Request for Release, Page 8, lines 1-5, inclusive (Docket No. Lee tambin "Narcos Mxico 3": Bad Bunny ser un narcojunior del Cartel de Tijuana. 2D1.1 and reduced by two levels the offense level applicable to many drug trafficking offenses. 96-1798-M. United States District Court, S.D. His body was found in Osmun Lake in Pontiac on June 7, 2018 but no arrests were made until April 8 of this year. You can explore additional available newsletters here. The Second Circuit affirmed the denial of the habeas corpus petition. At the time, Emilio Valdez Mainero, a member of the Arellano Flix cartel, said in a bugged conversation with a inmate-turned-informant that he wanted to kill Curiel. Cruz describes his mistreatment and torture at the hands of the Mexican authorities. Under that rule, "an extraditing court will generally not inquire into the procedures or treatment which await a surrendered fugitive in the requesting country." Defense counsel was provided for Mr. Cruz. You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters. Arnbjornsdottir-Mendler v. United States, 721 F.2d 679, 683 (9th Cir. When the two cars arrived at the Holiday Inn in Toluca, Valdez got out of the white Volkswagen and told Contreras, "Be, cautious, wait for me here and when you see us going out from the parking lot in the white Volkswagen, you should form a `wall' so that we cannot be followed.". Emilio Valdez passed away Saturday, August 31, 2019. Soto contends that he was arrested on September 12, 1996 and held in custody for some weeks. He later was charged with several murders, including Ibarras. As a result, the Court finds Treaty compliance in this respect and denies Respondent's request for release on this basis. It is further argued that there is a strong motivation on behalf of the Hodoyan family to help Respondent and this would give rise to questions with regard to the trustworthiness of the document. No applicable authority was presented on this point and prevailing authority as set forth herein supports this ruling. [36] A recantation of Francisco Cabrera Castro is also filed and argued to support Respondent's position. The indicia of reliability is in favor of the formal statements given to the Mexican authorities by Soto and Cruz and not their in court "recantations." Under Article 10 of the Treaty, the request for extradition is required to contain the description of the offense for which extradition is requested and shall be accompanied by: (1) A statement of the facts of the case; (2) The text of the legal provisions describing the essential elements of the offense; (3) The text of the legal provisions describing the punishment for the offense; (4) The text of the legal provisions relating to the time limit on the prosecution of the offense; and. Citations Copy Citation. Mexico more correctly characterizes the Ruiz statement as a summary of statements by Seargent Ruiz. El recordado criminal perteneca a los Narcojuniors, una clula del crtel de Tijuana que sale a relucir en la nueva temporada de la serie de Netflix. EMILIO VALDEZ MAINERO (hereinafter "Valdez" or "Respondent") [1] is accused by Mexico of having been involved with or committing various crimes in violation of . Galanis v. Pallanck, 568 F.2d 234 (2d Cir.1977); Sayne v. Shipley, 418 F.2d 679 (5th Cir.1969) cert. The extradition request and supporting documents are admitted into evidence during the hearing and the post hearing submissions are properly authenticated or otherwise admissible within the discretion of the Court. No case authority is offered on this issue. The court denied the writ. Emilio Valdez Mainero (Valdez) and Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios (Hodoyan) were certified as extraditable to Mexico on charges of murder and criminal association with the Arellano Felix drug trafficking organization (AFO). Entre los jvenes reclutados por el narcotrfico mexicano se encentraban Emilio Valdez Mainero, hijo de un guardia presidencial, Alfredo Hodoyan Palacios, Eduardo Len, los hermanos Endir y Henain Meza Castaos, Gustavo Miranda Santa Cruz y Fabin Martnez. California. The right of confrontation,[46] specifically, has been held inapplicable, as have the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, and the Federal Rules of Evidence. [15] The Treaty, in Article 11, and 18 U.S.C. 290 Brought to you by Free Law Project, . Cruising the freeway between San Diego and Tijuana, Mexico, like any suburban commuter, Emilio Valdez Mainero seemed an unlikely assassin. [29] Clearly, Alejandro's testimony is based upon his personal knowledge derived from his acquaintance with Respondent and the other individuals named and his discussion and observations in their presence. Equihua had been close to a witness in the drug-related cases of Alfredo Hodoyan and Emilio Valdez Mainero, which were due to be heard in San Diego courts. 24). There is no authority that exists that requires a magistrate judge to authorize compelled disclosures of explanatory information. Whitepages people search is the most trusted directory. "The rationale is that such matters are to be determined solely by the executive branch." Republic of France v. Moghadam,617 F. Supp. The charge related to the 1994 event has been abandoned. narcoseries Netflix. 25. These three were carrying short range firearms in a white Volkswagen. The contours of the extradition proceeding were shaped by the Treaty and statute. You're all set! During the drive, Contreras told Cruz that, "his friends in the white Volkswagen wanted to say hello to a fellow citizen who was in Toluca to train for boxing." *1229 The testimony of the various witnesses, including Miranda and Alejandro provide competent evidence for an assessment of probable cause to believe that the crime of criminal association (conspiracy) has been committed and that Respondent is involved therein. Among the young people recruited by Mexican drug trafficking were Emilio Valdez Mainero, son of a presidential guard, Alfredo . The long list of challenges to the probable cause finding in Mexico and the other alleged infirmities are not fully set forth herein as the Court finds the opinions of Attorney Gastelum are irrelevant to these proceedings. Fernandez v. Phillips,268 U.S. 311, 45 S. Ct. 541, 69 L. Ed. [22] The individuals related to this case are often referred to in the evidence by nicknames. C. Fausto Soto Miller, aka "Chef" In his September 27, 1996[27] declaration before an agent of the Mexican Federal Public Prosecutor, Fausto Soto Miller, "Chef," (hereinafter *1221 "Soto") stated that he was aware of the personal problems between Valdez and Gallardo, arising out of a threat with a firearm against Gabriel Valdez made by Gallardo. Only the criminal association (conspiracy) and murder charges satisfy the dual criminality requirement for extradition. Discovery is not available in extradition proceedings. De acuerdo con un artculo del periodista Jess Blancornelas, publicado en 2002 . Court documents say the threat against assistant U.S. Atty. A Supplemental Complaint was filed and Respondent was arraigned thereon on October 16, 1996. 5.1 is without authority and is unavailable in any event under prevailing authority. The statements of three admitted members of the organization are contained in extradition papers for Emilio Valdez Mainero, an alleged Arellano henchman arrested in the United States. In Quinn v. Robinson, 783 F.2d 776, 815 (9th Cir.1986), the Ninth Circuit reaffirmed that hearsay evidence that would be inadmissible for other purposes is admissible in extradition hearings. 30), he requests discovery regarding the statement by Miranda. [47] Alejandro's testimony also implicates his brother concerning the involvement with the AFO, which relates to the pending extradition of Alfredo Hodoyan-Palacios, 96mg1828(AJB). When arrested, Gallardo said that the marijuana belonged to Benjamin Arellano Felix, which caused the issuance of an arrest warrant for Benjamin Arellano Felix. Mexico does acknowledge that there is an investigation ongoing concerning the actions of General Rebollo and his associates, and that the investigations include the "possible" unlawful detention of suspects. Respondent's discovery request in this regard is denied. The United States has filed videotapes of Alejandro's November 30, 1996 deposition.
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