Black spot poison ivy: A report of 5 cases and a review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:246-9. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Instead of black spots, some people develop black streaks on their skin. The rash is often very itchy. "Be aware of your surroundings," says Dr. Summer Allen, a Mayo Clinic family physician. Following exposure, the time it takes for a rash to appear depends on whether a person has had a prior rash from poison ivy, oak, or sumac. 2015;54:271. The rash itself is not contagious but, if the urushiol oil is still on your clothes, dog or backpack, it can still give you a rash. This content does not have an Arabic version. Wash your skin right away if you come into contact with this oil, unless you know you're not sensitive to it. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of Poisonous plants: Symptoms and first aid. Take special care to clean under the fingernails to avoid spreading the oil to the eyes and other parts of the body. No-the FDA, Mayo Clinic, and several other reputable health organizations all state scratching poison ivy, oak, or sumac will not spread the rash, which is produced by exposure to the plant oil urushiol. Images Poison Ivy can be a climbing or trailing vine, a shrub or even a small tree. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. Wear long sleeves, pants and gloves when doing yard work, gardening, farming or hiking. Symptoms of lung irritation include coughing, difficulty breathing, and wheezing. Dermatoses due to plants. In: Bolognia JL, et al. Poison ivy is the only one that always has three leaves, one on each side and one in the center. See your doctor if the rash is on your face or private parts, covers more than 25% of your body, you notice pus from the rash, or you breathe in smoke from burning leaves. It acts as a barrier between urushiol and your skin. Pictures show you how this rash can appear on the skin. Touching any part of the poison ivy plant can cause red, swollen skin, blisters and severe itching, sometimes within hours after exposure. other information we have about you. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. When your skin touches poison ivy, poison oak or poison sumac, you develop an itchy rash. Urushiol triggers an allergicreaction when it comes into contact with skin, resulting. Poison sumac is another plant found throughout the United States that contains urushiol, the allergen in poison ivy and poison oak. Your skin absorbs the oil quickly, so you can only spread the oil from one part of your skin to another for a short amount of time. But if you burn them in your yard, the smoke could cause problems. It has umbrella-shaped groups of small white flowers, leaves with deep creases, and stems with white hairs and purple splotches. http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/signs_symptoms/. Washing off the oil may reduce your chances of getting a poison ivy rash. Cool compresses or baths with baking soda or oatmeal can also soothe the rash. Head to the emergency room if you have severe reactions in addition to the rash, like nausea, fever, shortness of breath, extreme soreness at the rash site, or swollen lymph nodes. It might look like a rash is spreading, but youre actually developing new rashes on areas of skin that came into contact with urushiol oil. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. If you think you've come into contact with poison ivy, wash your clothing promptly in warm soapy water ideally in a washing machine. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. When bacteria or fungi travel down your body hairs, they can infect the tiny pockets, called follicles, at the roots. Itchiness and skin dryness. Your skin absorbs the oil from these plants quickly, but you rarely see a rash right away. Each type has a distinctive appearance: Poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac produce an oil called urushiol. When poison ivy leaves burn, they put out chemicals that can bother your eyes, nose, or lungs. information submitted for this request. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Learn how to identify poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac in all seasons. Approach to the patient with pustular skin lesions. Call 911 or go to a hospital emergency room immediately if your eyes swell shut or you have difficulty breathing. The poison sumac plant has smooth-edged leaves and can grow as a bush or tree. It won't spread the rash, but can cause scars or infection. Myth. All rights reserved. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. The reaction usually develops 12 to 48 hours after exposure and lasts two to three weeks. Shortly after your skin starts to itch, the rash appears. Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac can cause rashes if someone touches them. Symptoms can interfere with a persons day-to-day activities depending on where the rash occurs on the body and how much it spreads. Serious difficulty breathing and inflammation of the lining of the lungs may result from inhaling urushiol. Most people are sensitive to the plants' oily sap. 6 /10. (2016). People grow it for its looks throughout the United States. Although washing your skin immediately after exposure can help reduce your risk of getting a rash, the uroshiol's oily nature can make it difficult to wash off. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Find out why dark spots appear and what can fade them. This content does not have an English version. Goldstein BG, et al. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Myth. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2019. This oily resin is in the leaves, stems and roots of poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Natalie tried many acne products without success. Tinea versicolor. Historians think their enemies in Turkey gave it to them to weaken them before battle. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Each leaf on a poison ivy plant has three smaller leaflets. Even washing after an hour or so can help reduce the severity of the rash. Redness, tingling, heat or swelling of your skin. Tie the bottoms of your pants legs or tuck them into your boots. If you develop a rash, it can be very itchy and last for weeks. In the meantime, soothe irritated skin with an over-the-counter topical treatment, such as calamine lotion. Image 1 used with permission of the American Academy of Dermatology National Library of Dermatologic Teaching Slides. The yellow flowers grow in an umbrella pattern like other plants in the carrot family. AskMayoExpert. Mr. Howland: The rash typically goes away after a few weeks. A doctor may prescribe oral or strong topical steroids to help reduce inflammation. As aforesaid, Poison Ivy contains an oily resin that causes allergy in the human skin. But the itching can be hard to deal with and make it difficult to sleep. Prok L, et al. 0. Accessed April 4, 2017. Only humans are susceptible to the poison . Their high levels of energy, endless curiosity, and remarkable ability to bounce back from stumbles can put kids at risk. What treatments can I use to reduce itching? This resin reacts with the skin and alters the shape of the inner protein membranes present in the cell. Skin contact with the oil of a poison sumac plant leads to an itchy, burning allergic skin reaction. Poison sumac is related to poison oak and poison ivy plants, which also cause a similar rash. See your doctor if pus starts oozing from the blisters. Accessed April 4, 2017. Wild Parsnip. Some plant killers may work. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. We avoid using tertiary references. Accessed April 4, 2017. Brushing against a poison ivy plant can cause a red, itchy rash. Soak the affected area in a cool-water bath that has about a half cup (100 grams) of baking soda or an oatmeal-based bath product (Aveeno) in it. If they can, wear higher socks or longer clothing to cover their legs. Poison ivy can be found in nearly every state, so theres a good chance you will eventually cross paths with it. If it gets on your skin, it causes a blistering skin rash. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. It has red stems with a pinnate or feather-like leaf arrangement comprised of 7 to 13 oblong or oval-shaped leaves. It can happen when the eye doesn't produce enough tears, or Colorectal canceris the second-leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. Colorectal cancercannot be totally prevented, but there are ways to lower your risk and Up to 10% of newborns are born with ankyloglossia, a condition more commonly known as tongue-tie. Poison Sumac sprouts. Distinctive features include reddish stems and petioles (Figure 10). If you have oil from the plant on your skin, you can spread the oil for a short time. If you have what feels like razor bumps or acne on the back of your neck or scalp, you may have acne keloidalis nuchae. All parts of poison sumac are poisonous. Contact dermatitis. The itchy rash that develops is a type of allergic contact dermatitis. Most people -- about 85% -- are allergic to urushiol. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health Poison Sumac, or Toxicodendron vernix, is a common North American plant that causes skin irritation to people.Like its better-known cousin poison ivy, the green leaves of poison sumac sure to put a damper on an otherwise pleasant camping trip or another outdoor excursion. Within 30 minutes after exposure to urushiol, use soap and water to gently wash off the harmful resin from your skin. Its part of what causes the itchy and even painful allergic skin reaction. If the rash is widespread or causes many blisters, your doctor may prescribe an oral corticosteroid, such as prednisone, to reduce swelling. Here are five common poisonous plants that should not be touched. Learn the, Sometimes your immune system will identify a substance as harmful, even though it isn't. The leaves, nectar, and flowers of these bushes can poison you too, though youd need to eat a lot. include protected health information. Polymorphous light eruption. Read thescript. Its leaf stalk and main stem is hollow, grooved and covered with fine . Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations. Poison ivy treatments usually involve self-care methods at home. Photo by Anne Krantz. Talk to your doctor if you have a severe poison ivy rash or if the rash involves your face or genital area. Wash any exposed parts thoroughly with soap and cool water. Myth. A rash from one of these poisonous plants usually shows up as red, itchy bumps on the skin. Poison oak looks similar, but the leaves are larger and more rounded like an oak leaf. Find more health and medical information onmayoclinic.org. Images 2,3 used with permission of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. When hiking or engaging in other activities that might expose you to these plants, try to stay on cleared pathways. Poison ivy, otherwise called Toxicodendron radicans, is a poisonous flowering plant commonly found in Asia and North America. Hu L. Clinical manifestations of Lyme disease in adults. http://www.acaai.org/allergist/allergies/Types/Pages/ragweed-allergy.aspx. Poison ivy leaves vary greatly in their shape, color and texture. In: Mayo Clinic Book of Home Remedies. It looks a lot like poison ivy, but its leaves are more similar to those of an oak tree. Wear socks, pants and long sleeves when outdoors. Airborne contact dermatitis: Common causes in the USA. "University of Oregon Health Center: "Facts & Fiction About Poison Oak and Ivy.". When damaged, bruised, or burned, poison oak releases an oil called urushiol that can cause a person to develop an itchy, blistered rash. If it got into your eyes, rinse them with saline drops if you can. Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 08/04/2020. Just because you've never had a rash from one of these plants doesn't mean you're in the clear. Find Poison Ivy Rash stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. Estimate Value. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Mayo Clinic; 2019. This can be fatal. Winged sumac can be distinguished from poison sumac by its 923 leaflets and red berries. Poison ivy rash is caused by an allergic reaction to an oily resin called urushiol (u-ROO-she-ol). Most cases can be managed at home with household and OTC products. Ragweed allergy. Symptoms of a poison sumac rash include: itchiness burning sensation on the skin redness swelling watery blisters Symptoms can interfere with a person's day-to-day activities depending on. June 29, 2020. In: Mayo Clinic Book of Home Remedies. Top SEO sites provided "Why is my poison ivy rash spreading" keyword . Accessed April 4, 2017. Goldstein BG, et al. The severity of the rash depends on the amount of urushiol that gets on your skin. Keep this common Christmas holiday tradition away from kids and pets. When this happens, it's called an allergic reaction. Talk to your doctor if you have a severe poison ivy rash or if the rash involves your face or genital area. The plants release urushiol oil, a substance found in the stems, leaves, fruit and leaves, when they are bruised or damaged. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. Slide show: Poison ivy and other summer skin irritants, Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press. Scrub under your fingernails with a brush. Breast Cancer; Wash your skin right away if you come into contact with this oil, unless you know you're not sensitive to it. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic From Mayo Clinic to your inbox Urushiol triggers an allergic reaction when it comes into contact with skin, resulting in an itchy rash, which can appear within hours of exposure or up to several days later.A person can be exposed to urushiol directly or by touching objects -- such as gardening tools, camping equipment . It lives in the rich, wet soil near ditches, streams, and farms, especially in the Northeast. Try not to scratch. It also has separated leaves that look similar to parsley. It can poison humans and livestock when eaten. Poison sumac is more similar to poison ivy and poison oak than it is to other sumacs. But if you come into contact with a piece of clothing or pet fur that has urushiol on it, the rash may be more spread out. Signs and symptoms of a poison sumac rash can include: ( 4) Developing patches or streaks of red, raised blisters. These are other well-known plants that are also in the Toxicodendron genus of the sumac family. Review/update the The rash tends to take longer to appear on areas with thicker skin, such as elbows and knees. The International Journal of Dermatology. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with All rights reserved. You can also transfer the oil to other parts of your body with your fingers. This plant looks like a wild carrot or an unusually big parsley plant because of the umbrella-like bunches of tiny white flowers and distinctive leaves. Its bell-shaped flowers are often bright purple but can be white, yellow, or pink. Fact. You may need to see a doctor if you breathe the smoke. Kermott CA, et al., eds. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. Wash your clothes and clean your boots or shoes. This content does not have an Arabic version. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Poison ivy strikes again or maybe it's poison oak or poison sumac, as all three plants contain the same oily, allergy-inducing sap called urushiol. But it can stay on the fur and rub off on you. Skin with less oil tends to react later. (2012). In the East, Midwest, and South, it grows as a vine, and in the North and the West as a shrub. healthquotesabc.com. Dont wait until a reaction appears on your skin to take action; a rash could take hours to develop. Gibson LE (expert opinion). Hiking and biking in the parks and woodlands are popular outdoor activities, but some native plants can quickly turn your outing into a miserable experience. A poison ivy rash will eventually go away on its own. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. But it might be poison hemlock if you see purple blotches on the stem, a ridged fruit, or if it grows especially big (3 to 7 feet tall). A section of skin with more urushiol on it may develop a rash sooner. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. This content does not have an English version. Find out how long it can for a rash to appear. Clean all contaminated clothing, shoes, and gear with detergent several times. These unassuming plants can cause problems on your skin. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Advertising and sponsorship opportunities. They are 2-4 inches long, 1-2 inches wide, and have a smooth, velvety texture. Riemann H, et al. The plant contains a compound called urushiol, which can irritate the skin and mucus membranes, causing a poison sumac rash. privacy practices. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. Others develop rashes all over. Picture 2 - Poison Ivy and Rash. It grows as tall as 15 feet. Poison ivy typically has three shiny green leaves (or red in the fall) budding from one small stem. Do you know which one? Free to everyone, these materials teach young people about common skin conditions, which can prevent misunderstanding and bullying. Time; 2017. for video Mayo Clinic Minute: How to treat poison ivy rash, Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic Minute: How to treat poison ivy rash, Anti-Itch Products Available at Mayo Clinic Store. The same oil is also. If youre wondering why you develop a rash from these plants, youll find the answer at: Poison ivy, oak, and sumac: Who gets a rash, and is it contagious? Poison sumac is one of the most toxic plants in the United States, causing a horrible skin reaction that can persist for weeks. It happens when your skin comes into contact with an irritant, such as urushiol. Summer V. Allen, M.D., Consultant, Family Medicine/Obstetrics, Mayo Clinic: Be aware of your surroundings. If you want to diminish a noticeable scar, know these 10 things before having laser treatment. Myth. Poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac. Poison ivy rash. In the fall, the leaves may turn yellow, orange or red. Mayo Clinic; 2019. Poison ivy, oak, and sumac: Who gets a rash, and is it contagious. The poison sumac plant has smooth-edged leaves and can grow as a bush or tree. Fact. Poison sumac leaves consist of 7-13 leaflets arranged in pairs with a single leaflet at the end of the midrib. So if you put away a contaminated jacket without washing it and take it out a year later, the oil on the jacket may still cause a rash. If someone in your household has poison ivy, oak, or sumac, you can't catch it from them, even if you come into contact with the blisters. Elmets CA. If you think someones eaten it, get them to a doctor right away. Poison sumac rashes are not common because the plant is not so widespread. Poison ivy (Toxicodendron) dermatitis. The leaves appear in clusters of seven to 13. All parts of a poison sumac plant are poisonous and the oils remain active even after the plant dies. Most people develop a red, itchy rash with blisters, but the rash can show up in other ways. It can reach up to 6 feet. Cleveland Clinic Community Care puts patients first by offering comprehensive, coordinated, personalized healthcare. Sept. 9, 2020. It also has a fruit with lots of seeds, which kids sometimes eat. Poison ivy, oak, and sumac: When does the rash appear? It could even damage your vision. Wash your skin right away if you come into contact with this oil, unless you know you're not sensitive to it. Share Tweet Other Topics in Patient Care & Health Info All rights reserved. A poison ivy rash is the result of exposure to an oily resin known as urushiol. Apply calamine lotion or creams containing menthol. 0 Shop NowFind Eye Doctor Conditions Conditions Eye Conditions, A-Z Eye Conditions, A-Z Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Mayo Clinic writes "A poison ivy rash itself isn't contagious. Symptoms of an infection include redness, pain, pus, and oozing from the blisters. The poison sumac rash looks like streaky patches of red blisters. This substance is called furanocoumarin, or furocoumarins. Kermott CA, et al., eds. Mayo Clinic. When did you begin experiencing symptoms? Everyone's at risk for skin cancer. Do I need any testing to confirm the rash is from a poisonous plant? 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. Be careful -- urushiol remains active, even on dead plants. Poison sumac leaves grow in clusters of seven to 13 leaves, with one by itself at the end. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Accessed April 4, 2017. Urushiol doesnt have to be on the plant to cause a rash. 2007;21:279. Topical treatments include calamine lotion; oatmeal baths; a mixture of baking soda and water; or a cool, wet compress. Keep your skin covered to avoid contact with these plants. It irritates the mouth and could make you nauseated enough to vomit. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of Call 911 if you have any trouble breathing or feel faint. privacy practices. They may be in your backyard, by the lake, and along your favorite hiking. Just one leaf is enough to kill an adult. There are many over-the-counter remedies to help with your symptoms in the meantime, including: You can also take an oatmeal bath to help relieve the itching. People who work outside in the woods or swamp areas are particularly susceptible to poison sumac rash. This oily resin is very sticky, so it easily attaches to your skin, clothing, tools, equipment and pet's fur. Almost everyone is allergic to this oil. Poison oak also typically comes in leaves of three. Severe cases require medical attention. All rights reserved. Keep a pair of shoes just for outside use and keep them outdoors. Folliculitis. Identification of poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, and poisonwood. Poison ivy grows as vines or low shrubs in most climates. Touched something that still has urushiol on it, such as the unwashed clothing you were wearing when you brushed up against one of these poisonous plants. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Before your appointment, you may want to list all the medications, supplements and vitamins you take. Poison sumac rashes are characterized by severely itchy, angry red rashes. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. A few people develop black spots or streaks of black on their skin rather than a red rash. Poison ivy has three spoon-shaped glossy leaves that are red in the spring, green in the summer, and yellow or orange in the fall. Poison sumac is a shrub (some consider it a small tree) that grows in wet areas. Even slight contact, like brushing up against the leaves, can leave the oil behind. Some people develop 1 or 2 small rashes. Poison sumac rash characteristics include itching, redness of the skin, swelling, burning sensation, and watery blisters. If you do come in contact with poison sumac, clean the area immediately with cool, soapy water and avoid scratching. You may need prescription medication for a rash that's severe or widespread, especially if it's on your face or genitals. There may be groups of three, five, or seven leaves. Read the script. Rashes typically appear red, slightly raised or swollen with occasional blisters. Use these professionally produced online infographics, posters, and videos to help others find and prevent skin cancer. See pictures and learn about remedies. Treatment will usually involve antibiotics. include protected health information. You can also transfer the oil to other parts of your body with your fingers. Porter RS, et al. Contact dermatitis. Urushiol oil causes the same allergic reaction an itchy skin rash no matter what poisonous plant you touch. Policy. During the fall, these leaves turn bright red. Heat emergencies. When your skin touches poison ivy, poison oak or poison sumac, you develop an itchy rash. DeShazo RD, et al. Rash covering more than a quarter of your body. Coarse, saw-toothed leaves grow on hairy, grooved stems that are 2 to 5 feet tall. Wear a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, gloves, and closed shoes if you're in an area where they grow. In the meantime, these over-the-counter medications can relieve the itchy rash: Your healthcare provider may prescribe an oral steroid, such as prednisone, if the rash becomes more severe or the rash forms on the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, mouth or genitals. Be sure to wear gloves. Weed Technology. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. What treatments are available, and which do you recommend? You cant get a poison ivy rash by touching another persons rash. It is known to cause urushiol-induced contact dermatitis, which results in painful and itchy rashes in people who come in contact with this plant. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The most widespread sumac staghorn sumac is non-poisonous. Outsmarting poison ivy and other poisonous plants. An over-the-counter antihistamine that won't make you so drowsy is loratadine (Alavert, Claritin, others). If we combine this information with your protected Your skin will absorb the oil, and your body will react to it 24 to 72 hours later as the rash starts. Heres what you need to know. Learn about natural repellents that actually work. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Poison oak rash can produce a severe, painful rash. Scratching the skin can lead to an infection. Myth. Mayo Clinic Minute: Who should be screened for colorectal cancer? Its stems are thick and easy to break, with lots of branches. This oil is in the leaves, stems and roots of poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac. Poison sumac plant - Mayo Clinic Search Request an Appointment Find a Job Poison sumac plant Products and services The poison sumac plant has smooth-edged leaves and can grow as a bush or tree. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. Scratching can break open skin and cause an infection. Examples include: Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions, such as: Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. If camping, make sure you pitch your tent in an area free of these plants. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could Poison ivy rash is caused by an allergic reaction to an oily resin called urushiol. 8th ed. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Fortunately, most rashes clear up with minimal treatment within a week. There is a problem with Unlike poison ivy and poison oak, it doesn't grow in a three-leaf-per-stem pattern. Each stem grows into three leaflets that might help you notice it in the woods. You may have serious stomach pain, diarrhea, vomiting, dilated pupils, dizziness, and breathing problems. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. References Your skin must come in direct contact with the plant's oil to be affected. privacy practices. American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Bacteria on . A poison ivy rash usually resolves on its own within a few weeks. Poison sumac: How to identify it, and what to do if youve been exposed.
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