At atmospheric pressure acetone has a boiling point of 56C. Water: The chemical formula of water is H2O. 15 enterprises with 30 million production capacity of backward carbide, Xukuang group's electricity sales business became profit growth pole, Domestic Pure Benzene Market Continuous Rising on August 21, Industrial producers' ex-factory prices were flat in June 2019, Trade Alert - Delivering the latest product trends and industry news straight to your inbox. Once again, higher than room temperature, so proponal is a liquid. From the change in the boiling point of this solution, which is 1.13 (normal boiling point is 100), we can find the molality of the solution, and then use that value to find the freezing point. Thus more energy is required to break the O-H bond as compared to the C-H bond this is why water has more boiling point than methane. Explain? Acetone is the simplest ketone, a colorless, highly flammable liquid with a specific odor. Since hydrogen bonding is stronger than dipole-dipole forces, ethanol has a higher boiling point. The water is one of the least toxic compounds. Its vapors are lighter than air. Boiling Points. One The temperature that acetone must get to, such that its v p is equal to the pressure of the atmosphere, is lower than what is required for water. being polar molecule, so there is dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring acetone molecules in the liquid phase. Water dissolves nutrients, removes waste products. It can then be metabolized either by CYP2E1 via methylglyoxal to D-lactate and pyruvate, and ultimately glucose/energy, or by a different pathway via propylene glycol to pyruvate, lactate, acetate (usable for energy) and propionaldehyde. m = molality of the solution. As we move higher and higher altitude the same is reduced. Azeotropes exist in solution at a boiling point specific for that component. 2021 The Master Chemistry. The normal concentration of acetone in the human body is less than 1 mg/100 mL of blood. For example, what would happen if water boiled at a temperature lower than 212 degrees Fahrenheit? Any liquid with a flashpoint between 100F - 200F is considered combustible. Since the temperature is directly proportional to the pressure felt on the unit volume of the matter, with reducing pressure, the temperature will reduce in corresponding. In the human body, there are about 70 75% of water. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. This can be done by either decreasing the atmospheric pressure or increasing the humidity in the air. Acetone occurs in animals, plants, vehicle exhaust, forest fires, volcanic gases, etc. After the termination of this process, the acetone will be predominantly captured and cooled to separate it from its mixture with water. Vessels containing a porous material are first filled with acetone followed by acetylene, which dissolves into the acetone. The boiling point of acetone is 56 C. Suggest Corrections 1 Similar questions Q. We know that the boiling point of water is 1000C and consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded with a single oxygen atom. 35,000 worksheets, games, and lesson plans, Spanish-English dictionary, translator, and learning, a Question [26] Names derived from mesit include mesitylene and mesitylene oxide which were first synthesised from acetone. The synthesis involves the condensation of acetone with phenol: Many millions of kilograms of acetone are consumed in the production of the solvents methyl isobutyl alcohol and methyl isobutyl ketone. At higher altitudes the temperature of the boiling point is lower. Or what about water at 100F (38C), this would make things like showering or cooking difficult because you will not feel warm, but what about making tea? The higher or lower your liquids boiling points are, the more likely they will evaporate and cause problems in certain applications. 184.3. A) HO H+ + OH- Effects of a higher or lower boiling point, Strength of intermolecular forces on boiling point. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Boiling points are important for what we do every day. Hebei Saiyi Technology's brand N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, which comes in 1, 25, and 1000 Kg packages, looks like a clear to light yellow liquid with a slight ammonia odor. For example: what about water at 150F (65.55C)? Latest posts by Dr. Mariam Bozhilova Forest Research Institute, BAS, Acetone is the simplest ketone, also known as dimethyl ketone or propanone. Making educational experiences better for everyone. What does the phrase the boiling point mean? Acetone occurs in the human body in small quantities. Which carboxylic acid has the lowest boiling point, pentanoic acid, butanoic acid, propanoic acid, or hexanoic acid? Acetone is captured and cooled. Ethanol is also one among the alcohols and has a total of 6 hydrogen bonding but not as strong and stable configuration and the intermolecular bonding as that seen in regards to water. It begins with the initial conversion of acetone to acetone cyanohydrin via reaction with hydrogen cyanide (HCN): In a subsequent step, the nitrile is hydrolyzed to the unsaturated amide, which is esterified: The third major use of acetone (about 20%)[22] is synthesizing bisphenol A. Bisphenol A is a component of many polymers such as polycarbonates, polyurethanes, and epoxy resins. Water: Water's boiling point is 100C, and its melting point is 0C. In general, the water is derived from the available natural sources. The molecular weight of acetone is 58.08 g/mol and the molecular weight of water is 18.02 g/mol. Solvent Boiling Points Chart (all boiling points at standard pressure) Solvent Boiling Point (C) Solvent Boiling Point (C) Acetic Acid 118.0 Ethyl Acetate 77.1 Acetic Acid Anhydride 139.0 Ethyl Ether 34.6 Acetone 56.3 Ethylene Dichloride 83.5 Acetonitrile 81.6 Ethylene Glycol 197.5 Benzene 80.1 Heptane 98.4 iso-Butanol 107.7 n-Hexane 68.7 n-Butanol 117.7 Hydrochloric Acid 84.8 tert-Butanol . This organic compound is used in the manufacture of varnishes, thinning of fiberglass and epoxy resins, cosmetics, fibers, solvents, lacquers, cleaning of microcircuits and other electronic parts, cleaning of leather and wool garments, medicines, plastics, paints, stain removers, and a variety of chemical products. (We'll never share your email address with a third-party. The use of acetone solvent is critical for the Jones oxidation. [57] The forensic chemist can compare unknowns with known standards by looking at the distance each component travelled. , + H+ + 2 OH- 1.30 grams of H are reacted with an excess of N to produce 4.21 grams of NH3- The boiling point of a substance depends on a lot of factors such as humidity, atmospheric pressure and even altitude. [57] This solution is called the mobile phase. Choose an expert and meet online. A: The boiling point of a liquid can be increased by increasing the external pressure surrounding it. Intermolecular forces are the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules. The volume of a gas will be proportional to the number of molecules comprising the entire volume, that is, V n. Now, we can write the ideal gas equation as, Where R is a gas constant R=8.314 J/mol.K. mass of 108.90 amu and is 48.161% Babies and children have a higher percentage of water than adults; Women have a smaller percentage of water than men; Overweight people have a smaller percentage of water than those of normal weight. The largest producer of acetone is INEOS Phenol, owning 17% of the world's capacity, with also significant capacity (78%) by Mitsui, Sunoco and Shell in 2010. Water: Water is not combustible and cannot be ignited. [85] It auto-ignites at 465C (869F). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. It has high vapour pressure as compared to water thus the boiling point of acetone is less than water. [63], In the laboratory, acetone is used as a polar, aprotic solvent in a variety of organic reactions, such as SN2 reactions. The temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapor i.e. Sodium [76], Acetone has been shown to have anticonvulsant effects in animal models of epilepsy, in the absence of toxicity, when administered in millimolar concentrations. Other methods to obtain acetoneare known as catalytic dehydrogenation based on isopropyl alcohol, biofermentation, polypropylene oxidation, and diisopropylbenzene oxidation. It provides metabolism and is the environment in which all biochemical processes take place. Privacy . More severe cases result in ketoacidosis, which is also one of the symptoms of diabetes. At room temperature, it is a transparent, odorless, and colorless liquid. Difference Between Acetone and Water. The boiling points of alcohols are much higher than those of alkanes with similar molecular weights. Acetone: Acetones boiling point is 56C, and its melting point is -95C. It is normally present in blood and urine. Solvent. 3. [83][84], The most hazardous property of acetone is its extreme flammability. In the cumene process, benzene is alkylated with propylene to produce cumene, which is oxidized by air to produce phenol and acetone: Other processes involve the direct oxidation of propylene (Wacker-Hoechst process), or the hydration of propylene to give 2-propanol, which is oxidized (dehydrogenated) to acetone.[23]. Water: Water is used in agriculture, for industrial needs, for energy production, and for domestic purposes. The boiling point of a liquid is mainly based on the number of hydrogen bonds present. The boiling point of any substance is defined based on the temperature it requires to change its phase. The force of attraction between hydrogen and oxygen is far greater than the carbon and hydrogen atoms. Such a large difference in boiling points indicates that molecules of ethanol are attracted to one another much more strongly . As a good solvent for many polar and non-polar organic compounds, it is used to clean contaminated surfaces, as a solvent for paints, varnishes, various organic synthetic reactions, etc. With the help of this process, the separation of components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation occurs. It has high vapour pressure as compared to water thus the boiling point of acetone is less than water. This difference in the atomic radius makes the intermolecular force of attraction stronger in the atoms with a small radius which is oxygen than the sulphur atom. 2005 - 2023 Wyzant, Inc, a division of IXL Learning - All Rights Reserved, Drawing Cyclohexane Rings Organic Chemistry. This device contains a manometer, which is used to determine vapor pressure, and a thermometer which measures the temperature of the liquid. What is glycosphingolipids in skin care and there health benefits? [21] It is the simplest and smallest ketone (>C=O). Acetoneis a compound that when heated presents several risks of danger, being a highly flammable product can cause fire and a possible explosion, since the vapors emitted can cause fire and generate a fire of significant proportions depending on the amount of product that is in place, and if it is in a place with poor ventilation can cause an explosion by the accumulation of gases. The bp will be further increased if we introduce a possibility for hydrogen bonding. K = boiling point constant = 0.512/m. Hence, less heat energy is required to break the bond between hydrogen and carbon as carbon would easily give away the hydrogen atom to become the most stable atom. Explanation: Acetone 56.0 C. The energy require to break the bonds between the carbon and a single bond between the hydrogen and oxygen is less compared to the energy required to break the strong intermolecular bonds of two hydrogen with one oxygen atom. The boiling point of acetone is 56 0 Celsius at room temperature. Thus, the boiling temperature of the water goes slightly high than the expected boiling temperature of the water. carboxylic acids. [43], In the presence of suitable catalysts, two acetone molecules also combine to form the compound diacetone alcohol (CH3)C=O(CH2)C(OH)(CH3)2, which on dehydration gives mesityl oxide (CH3)C=O(CH)=C(CH3)2. On this basis, CLEARLY, glycerol has the greatest intermolecular interaction, the greatest intermolecular force. Acetone | CH3COCH3 or CH3-CO-CH3 or C3H6O | CID 180 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. . Arrange ethyl methyl ether (CH 3 OCH 2 CH 3), 2-methylpropane [isobutane, (CH 3) 2 CHCH 3], and acetone (CH 3 COCH 3) in order of increasing boiling points.Their structures are as follows: Given: compounds Asked for: order of increasing boiling points Strategy: Compare the molar masses and the polarities of the compounds. Water is used in agriculture, for industrial needs, for energy production, and for domestic purposes. . Dr. Mariam Bozhilova Forest Research Institute, BAS, Difference Between Gallstones and Cholecystitis, Difference Between Constipation and Cramping, Difference Between Whole Genome Sequencing and Microarray, Difference Between Acetone and Benzaldehyde, Difference Between Acetone vs. Non-Acetone, Difference Between Acetone and Polystyrene, Difference Between Acetone and Chloroform, Difference Between Chrysocolla and Turquoise, Difference Between Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals, Difference Between Tretinoin and Clindamycin, Difference Between Bradykinesia and Dyskinesia, Difference Between Healing and Infected Belly Button Piercing, Difference Between Salmonellosis and Typhoid Fever. [39] INEOS Phenol also owns the world's largest production site (420,000 tonnes/annum) in Beveren (Belgium). After prolonged starvation or diet the stock of carbohydrates in the body is depleted and the fat is decomposed, which leads to the production of acetone. We don't collect information from our users. answered 02/06/22, Ph.D. University Professor with 10+ years Tutoring Experience. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Acetone-3D-balls.png/150px-Acetone-3D-balls.png. After a prolonged starvation or diet the stock of carbohydrates in the body is depleted, the fat is decomposed, which results in the production of acetone. Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back. [47] However, conflicting results were obtained later by other investigators. This has huge implications for the world around us, as it can change how we cook our food and what chemicals are used in manufacturing everything from plastic to medicine. E) none of the above, An element has two stable isotopes. At high vapor concentrations, it may depress the central nervous system like many other solvents. Many of the plastics dissolve or swell in acetone. [46], In 1962, Wasaburo Kawai reported the synthesis of a similar product, from liquid acetone cooled to 70 to 78C, using n-butyl lithium or triethylaluminium as catalysts. Manage Settings This approximation is sufficient for this kind of calculations. The vapor pressure of a liquid increases by increasing temperature. What is the melting and boiling point of acetone? Hydrochloric acid has only one hydrogen bond with chlorine while in the case of water it has two hydrogen bonds with the oxygen atom. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The companies requesting the removal argued that it would "contribute to the achievement of several important environmental goals and would support EPA's pollution prevention efforts", and that acetone could be used as a substitute for several compounds that are listed as hazardous air pollutants (HAP) under section 112 of the Clean Air Act. In theory, GC-MS instruments can detect substances whose concentrations are in the femtogram (1015) range. D) ZnCl + HO ZnOH + H+ + Cl The boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the saturated vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the surrounding atmospheric pressure. Additionally, ethanol has a lower molecular weight than acetone. The water is derived from the available natural sources. Imagine that at point Z, the A-B solution is 64% B by mass while component A is water. Acetones auto-ignition occurs at 465C. . Water dissolves nutrients, removes waste products. Some people think that boiling point is the temperature at which you can see small bubbles of vapor on the surface of water, but this isnt exactly correct. Acetone: Acetone's boiling point is 56C, and its melting point is -95C. [61] GC-MS can be used in investigations of arson, poisoning, and explosions to determine exactly what was used. It may attack some plastics, however. Acetone: Acetones auto-ignition occurs at 465C. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/boiling-point. The boiling point for water is 212 degrees Fahrenheit or 100 degrees Celsius at sea level. Why boiling point of water is more than acetone? As discussed above, we can understand why alcohols require less heat energy to break the bonds as compared to water molecules. As a result, more amount of heat is required to be supplied to the water so that it starts boiling. Combining both the equations we can write. Now use this value and the same equation to find the change in the freezing point: Since the normal freezing point of water is 0, the new freezing point of this solution is -4.07C. Stylianos Sifniades, Alan B. Ethanol 78.5 C . That 60 degree increase in bp must be due to the greatly increased dipole in acetone. Actually the boiling point of acetone Me2C=O is surprising high compared to isobutylene Me2C=CH2. The water requires more amount of heat to start boiling and change its state from liquid to vapour. This is best represented graphically and the phase diagram of a maximum-boiling point azeotrope can be seen in the following figure. The molecular weight of acetone is 58.08 g/mol. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. Acetone is toxic. More severe cases result in ketoacidosis, which is also one of the, Water is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula H. O. The boiling point of acetone is 56C. Auto-ignition occurs at 465C. The boiling point of a liquid varies according to the applied pressure; the normal boiling point is the temperature at which the vapour pressure is equal to the standard sea-level atmospheric pressure (760 mm [29.92 inches] of mercury). [35][36] Johann Josef Loschmidt had presented the structure of acetone in 1861,[37] but his privately published booklet received little attention. What is the identity of this element? Types-examples and uses. Which group is the most soluble in water (assuming number of carbons is equivalent)? Certain health conditions, such as alcoholism and diabetes, can produce ketoacidosis, uncontrollable ketosis that leads to a sharp, and potentially fatal, increase in the acidity of the blood. The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid substance changes to its gaseous phase. It is used for thinning polyester resin, cleaning tools used with it, and dissolving two-part epoxies and superglue before they harden. Fluoride charge not conserved? A link to the app was sent to your phone. [57] This can be used to investigate notes or fibers left at the scene since each company's product is slightly different and those differences can be seen with TLC. There is no strong evidence of chronic health effects if basic precautions are followed. Water is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula H2O. About 6.7 million tonnes were . An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. MLA 8 Acetone occurs in animals, plants, vehicle exhaust, forest fires, volcanic gases, etc. Its chemical formula is C3H6O. Acetone 56.0 C . The size of the boiling point is governed by the strengths of the intermolecular . As per the ideal gas equation PV=nRT, that is temperature is directly related to the pressure on the system. Enter the answer choice number. At higher altitudes the temperature of the boiling point is . So if you boil water at different temperatures, its vapor pressure changes. D. A reflected sound wave bounces back to the place of origin, a diffracted sound wave changes direction as it passes through an opening, In which of the following reactions is mass and/or The importance of knowing these temperatures in degrees Celsiusprovides benefits in the workplace, research, production, to properly treat and store the chemical compound, and to meet legal requirements concerning the handling of products of this nature. [94]) Consumption by microorganisms contributes to the dissipation of acetone in soil, animals, or waterways. Waters boiling point is 100C, and its melting point is 0C. In forensic chemistry, the most common GC instruments use mass spectrometry as their detector. The boiling point for proponal is approximately 50 degrees Celsius. After that time, during World War I, acetone was produced using acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation with Clostridium acetobutylicum bacteria, which was developed by Chaim Weizmann (later the first president of Israel) in order to help the British war effort,[23] in the preparation of Cordite. What is lithium bromide ionic formula, properties and it use? Acetone: Acetone occurs in animals, plants, vehicle exhaust, forest fires, volcanic gases, etc. So overall, in order to measure boiling point in an accurate way, we need two devices: one for measuring temperature and one for measuring vapor pressure. [27][28], In 1832, French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas and German chemist Justus von Liebig determined the empirical formula for acetone. Acetone, Septisol, or a combination of these agents is commonly used in this process. At this moment, vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure and thus we say that boiling point is reached. The stronger the IMFs, the lower the vapor pressure of the substance and the higher the boiling point. [50][51][52], About a third of the world's acetone is used as a solvent, and a quarter is consumed as acetone cyanohydrin, a precursor to methyl methacrylate. Corrections? ethanoic acid, acetic acid. It has volatile organic compound (VOC) exempt status in the United States. For these reasons, the boiling point of acetone in Celsiusshould be known, since it is the scale best known by the common people, by the industrial processes and by the scientific communities, due to the fact that it is a scale that is more compatible with the decimal formats contemplated by the International System of the metric system. Water is a stable compound. . The boiling point of a liquid varies according to the applied pressure; the normal boiling point is the temperature at which the vapour pressure is equal to the standard sea-level atmospheric pressure (760 mm [29.92 inches] of mercury). [44], One might expect acetone to also form polymers and (possibly cyclic) oligomers of two types. Waters boiling point is 100C, and its melting point is 0C. Water is collected as it leaves the mixture. This indicates that children are not uniquely susceptible to acetone exposure. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Spectroscopy techniques are useful when the sample being tested is pure, or a very common mixture. Approximately 83% of acetone is produced via the cumene process;[23] as a result, acetone production is tied to phenol production. When we talk about the boiling pointwe refer to the temperature that a liquid must reach to become a gas, in other words to go from a liquid state to a gaseous state, chemically and physically the boiling pointis said to be the temperature required in the vapor pressure of a substance to be equal to the pressure that the environment exerts on it. Acetone: Inhaled acetone vapor causes dizziness and intoxication. Boiling point of water: 100 C / 212 F Boiling point of water (in Kelvin): 373.2 K Boiling point of ethanol: 78.37 C / 173.1 F Boiling point of methanol: 64.7 C / 148.5 F Boiling point of acetone: 56 C / 132.8 F Boiling point of alcohol: 78.37 C / 173.1 F Boiling point of nitrogen: -195.8 . Our next boiling point is approximately 56 degrees, and for both proponal and for acetone, you have the dipole-dipole interaction between molecules. Supplier uploads its business license firstly. As a result, the so-called acetone breath occurs. A. [65], Acetone is used to precipitate proteins. Peanut oil . As the sulphur atom is bigger in size the electrons will be hindering from the nuclei of the atom and hence forms a weak force of attraction. Your email address will not be published. About 1.7% of the water occurs as groundwater and 1.7% of it is frozen in glaciers and the ice caps. (We`ll never share your email address with a third-party.). This happens when the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the surrounding pressure. Though the valence electrons of both oxygen and sulphur atom are the same, the atomic number of oxygen is 8 and that of sulphur atom is 16, hence sulphur atom has a bigger atomic radius than the oxygen atom. The boiling point of a liquid is directly proportional to its molecular weight and inversely proportional to van der Waals volume, which means that larger molecules boil at a lower temperature because they have weaker intermolecular force strengths. All life processes in the human body are connected with water. In equation form, for a mixture of liquids A and B, this reads: \[ P_A = \chi_A P^o_A \label{1}\] \[ P_B = \chi_B P^o_B \label{2}\] The boiling point at atmospheric pressure (14.7 psia, 1 bar absolute) for some common fluids and gases can be found from the table below: T (oF) = [T (oC)] (9/5) + 32 T (oC) = 5/9 [T (oF) - 32] Upon mixing salt with water, the salt will absorb the heat energy supplied to the water. In one type, units could be acetone molecules linked by ether bridges O derived by from the opening of the double bond, to give a polyketal-like (PKA) chain [OC(CH3)2]n. The other type could be obtained through repeated aldol condensation, with one molecule of water removed at each step, yielding a poly(methylacetylene) (PMA) chain [CH=C(CH3)]n.[45], The conversion of acetone to a polyketal (PKA) would be analogous to the formation of paraformaldehyde from formol, and of trithioacetone from thioacetone. if the temperature is increased, the vapor pressure also increases. [75], Dermatologists use acetone with alcohol for acne treatments to chemically peel dry skin. [92] In making its decision EPA conducted an extensive review of the available toxicity data on acetone, which was continued through the 2000s. This means that when the external pressure is lower, boiling points are also lower and vice versa. The statement which is correct about distilling a mixture of acetone and water is as follows: Distillation may be defined as a procedure that generally involves the conversion of a liquid into a vapor that is eventually condensed back to liquid form. Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects. [57] This distance, when compared to the starting point, is known as the retention factor (Rf) for each extracted component. However, they are not as strong as the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. As the temperature is increased, the vapour pressure increases; at the boiling point, bubbles of vapour form within the liquid and rise to the surface. Acetone is fluorescent under ultraviolet light, and its vapor can be used as a fluorescent tracer in fluid flow experiments. What is the boiling point of Acetone, Alcohol, Wax, Iron, Aluminium, Copper, Silver and Gold ? Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Echemi offers different products related to acetone, including: https://www.echemi.com/produce/pr2201271185-99-liquid-cas-no-872-50-4.html. If that same solution contained any less than . In many substances, as in the case of acetone, it is essential to know its boiling pointin degrees Celsius, to know its thermal behavior in different situations, for this purpose different physical methods can be used for the analysis, there are a variety of special instruments for the realization of these measurements. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. "[8], Although acetone occurs naturally in the environment in plants, trees, volcanic gases, forest fires, and as a product of the breakdown of body fat,[93] the majority of the acetone released into the environment is of industrial origin. The second has a About 1.7% of the water occurs as groundwater and 1.7% of it is frozen in glaciers and the ice caps. [24], Acetone is produced and disposed of in the human body through normal metabolic processes. 0.456 gram of an organic compound (Molecular mass = 100u) is dissolved in 31.14 grams of acetone. Then acetone will be captured and cooled to separate it from its mixture with water. The ethanol has OH bonding and is in the category of the alcohols. For example, if you want to boil water at a temperature lower than 100C, you can increase the atmospheric pressure by using a pressure cooker. [86] The flame temperature of pure acetone is 1980 C. Vapor pressure of a liquid depends on its temperature. According to Charles Law, V T at constant pressure and based on Boyles Law P 1/V at a constant temperature.
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